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The total polyphenols content in investigated plums, as well as anthocyanins and flavanols, was rather low (160-300 mg/100 g, 1833 mg/100 g and 914 mg/100 g of fruits, respectively). (+) Catechin occurring in quantities from 1.3 to 3.9 mg/100 g was found to be a dominant compound representing biologically active monomers and dimers of flavanols. The highest quantities of hydroxycinnamic acids, especially neochlorogenic one, (46-85 mg/100 g) are found in all plum varieties. The main anthocyanin pigments of plums are cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidine-3- rutinoside; they make up 42 to 62% of the total anthocyanins. All investigated plum varieties show high polyphenoloxidase activity but there are substantial differences between particular varieties ranging from 3200 to 17200 U/g.
The aim of the study was to determine the level of commercial quality on the do­mestic fruit market in the context of minimum quality requirements which are essen­tial for allowing fruit to be traded. The source of data were surveys conducted among 470 fruit producers, 10 wholesalers and 165 retailers in the Lublin province in 2003­2006. The research showed that the awareness of the existence and the binding nature of quality standards among participants in the fruit distribution chain was unsatisfac­tory. The knowledge of relevant quality standards was also very limited. In their as­sessment of fruit quality none of the distributors took into account all the features included in the minimum requirements of the existing quality standards. Therefore, the results of the analyses did not testify to the high commercial quality of fruit on the domestic market. Preparation of fruit for sale did not meet in many cases even the minimum requirements of commercial quality standards. The widespread conviction as to the importance of quality standards in improving fruit quality was therefore not reflected on the market of the Lublin province despite the binding nature of such standards.
The aim of carried out research was comparing the effect of different pruning time on cropping and fruit quality of several early ripening plum cultivars. The experiment was conducted at Fruit Experimental Station – Samotwór near Wrocław in 2001–2004. Objects of studies consisted of 8 year-old plum trees of ‘Herman’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Sanctus Hubertus’ and ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ cultivars budded on ‘Myrobalan’ seedlings (Prunus divaricata). The experiment was established in a randomised block design in three replications with six trees per plot. In 2001–2003, time of tree pruning was differentiated. Half of trees was pruned only at the end of August (summer pruning after harvest of fruit) and the other one only at the end of March (dormant pruning before blooming time). Time of pruning had no influence on yielding and chemical composition of fruit. Soluble solids, vitamin C, magnesium, calcium, potassium and phosphorus contents in fruit were similar independently of pruning time. Mean fruit weight was significantly higher from trees with dormant pruning.
The coat protein (CP) gene of the Skierniewice isolate of plum pox virus (PPV-S) has been amplified using the reverse transcription — polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of the gene and the deduced amino-acid sequence of PPV-S CP were compared with those of other PPV strains. The nucleotide sequence showed very high homology to most of the published sequences. The motif: Asp-Ala-Gly (DAG), important for the aphid transmissibility, was present in the amino-acid sequence. Our isolate did not react in ELISA with monoclonal antibodies MAb06 supposed to be specific for PPV-D
The climate of Poland is characterized by a high variability, especially regarding the sum of precipitation and its distribution in the season. Dry years occur periodically. Repeated negative climatic water balance for vegetative season is insufficient for proper growth and development of plants. In this experiment we studied the effectiveness of drip irrigation in plum tree cultivation. The study was carried out since 1990 to 1998 in the orchard of the Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice. Trees of plum cv. Valor, grafted on Myrobalan and Wangenheim Prune seedlings were planted in the spring 1990 at a distance 4,2 m x 2,9 m. Influence of drip irrigation on trees growth changes, yield and fruit quality depended on weather conditions in the individual years. Generally, drip irrigation significantly increased the tree growth, yield and fruit quality. Higher positive effect of irrigation was obtained for plums grafted on Wangenheim Prune seedlings than on Myrobalan seedlings. Drought conditions clearly decreases the average weight of the fruit of the trees grafted on Wangenheim Prune. The rootstocks had no effect on fruit size.
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