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The effect of differentiated pre-sow ploughing depth (30, 20 and 10 cm) and weed control method (mechanical, chemical, combined mechanical and chemical) on the overwintering, weed infestation, yield and quality of seeds of oilseed rape was tested. Shallower ploughing worsened the main traits of the autumn condition of rape plants. Rape plants treated chemically had better-formed rosettes than those treated mechanically. Ploughing made to the depth of 30 and 20 cm did not significantly differentiate the yield of rape plants. However, a significant decrease (9-13%) in the yield occurred when the ploughing depth went down to 10 cm. The highest yield was obtained from the rape controlled chemically against weeds. The yield-protective effect of the combined mechanical and chemical weed control was comparable to that of mechanical method.
Currently, the alternative forms of management are increasingly applied in agriculture. Although their less negative impact on environment is generally supposed, there is still a lack of a reliable data about their real favourability for the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates, including millipedes. Therefore, the aim of our study was to find out, whether the form of agricultural management affects the structure of millipede communities and hence, the performance of their functions in soil ecosystems. The research was carried out using pitfall trapping through growing seasons 2005 to 2007 on the model territory of Agricultural Cooperative (AC) Očová (Central Slovakia). Millipedes were captured at four pairs of sites (8 sites in total). The same cultivated crop (wheat, barley, alfalfa or permanent law) with application of two different forms of agricultural management (conventional form and sustainable form with basic sustainable agro-environmental scheme) was characteristic of each pair of sites. The research results disclosed that the management form plays a significant role, especially in such agrocoenoses, in which the same crop is cultivated for several years (e.g. sites with alfalfa or permanent lawn), i.e., on the sites without ploughing or other similar agrotechnical measures. In these cases, the sites with the sustainable agro-environmental scheme had higher species richness (8 and 9 species) and higher total abundance of millipede communities (2.2 and 5.7 ind. collected per one day and one trap) than the sites with the conventional form of agrotechnical management (5 and 5 species, 0.09 and 0.3 ind. collected per one day and one trap). In order to obtain a more detailed knowledge about the impact of agricultural management forms on millipede communities, this kind of research should be carried out in different conditions (other crops, soil conditions, climate zones, etc.) as well.
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