Brewery yeast are considered to be the organism expressing features predestinating to beer production. The lager yeasts serve as an example of microorganisms evolved during adaptive evolution not only in response to environmental stresses, but also through the reorganization of the genome by natural hybridization of strains with close phylogenetic relationship. The work presents the updated theories of phylogenetic origin of brewery yeasts and the most important factors of environmental stress, modelling this organism in technological processes.
The present research investigated the number of chromosomes in the cells of apical meristems of roots for three original Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev cultivars and the derivative cultivars obtained due to radiomutation. It was shown that only in one mutation cultivar, ‘Bronze Wonder’, the number of chromosomes differed from that of the original cultivar, ‘Lilac Wonder’.
Industrial practice in the brewing industry distinguishes specific - industrially useful phenotypes of brewing yeasts. Economically significant features characterizing these strains are aroma production, low temperature tolerance or the use of carbohydrates available in wort. These features in yeast are closely related to the genotype and its ploidity.which opens wide possibilities to changewith hybridization techniques. In addition, the heterosis phenomenon enables the enhancement of certain features in resulting hybrids.