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This model experiment was aimed towards determination of the effect of repeated microwaving on migration of volatile substances to food simulating model solutions from packages commonly used in food industry. For this purpose 5 most common plastic packages were selected: white round shaped polypropylene container for ready to eat courses, its polystyrene cover, yellow polypropylene cup of 175 cm3 capacity, white polystyrene cup of 135 cm3 capacity and polystyrene/polyethylene foil; 3% acetic acid, 15% ethanol and rectified olive oil were taken as food simulating solvents. Prior to microwaving, the samples were stored for 10 days in 5°C. Using the GC/MS combined with static head space technique, 26 substances migrating into food simulants were identified after storage and prior to microwave heating. Cumulative exposure time to microwaving ranged from 2 till 30 min.
Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments. Research was carried out in order to assess biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w additive), advertised as 100% degradable or certified as compostable within various types of environments. Research conditions were: (i) controlled composting environment – laboratory-scale, (ii) real composting conditions – domestic compost bin, (iii) real composting conditions – industrial composting plant and (iv) landfill conditions. The results demonstrate that the materials made of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro- -oxidant additive (d2w additive) or advertised as 100% degradable did not biodegrade in any of the above-described conditions and remained completely intact at the end of the tests. Biodegradation of the certified compostable plastic bags proceeded very well in laboratory-scale conditions and in real composting conditions – industrial composting plant, however, these materials did not biodegrade in real composting conditions – domestic compost bin and landfill conditions.
This paper presents results of biodeterioration of Mater-Bi YI01U under natural weather conditions in compost with sewage sludge. The tests were performed at a waste treatment plant and - for comparison - under laboratory conditions at stable temperature. The compost pile was prepared outdoors at a waste treatment plant and consisted of active sludge, burnt lime /CaO/ (to ravage pathogenic bacterium and eggs of parasites) and straw. The characteristic parameters of compost, such a dry mass of compost, pH of compost and activity of dehydrogenases were determined. Changes in weight and morphology of Mater-Bi YI01U samples were tested during the experiment. The obtained weight loss results were compared with that from Weight Loss Under Controlled Composting Condition test method, which simulates the biodegradation behaviour of a material under composting conditions. According to this test method, Mater-Bi Y Class lost more than 90% of weight after 4 months when disposed of in the standard environment under controlled conditions, but in the investigated natural, weather-dependent, composting conditions this material lost about 20% of weight after the same time of incubation.
W artykule przedstawiono badania nad wpływem kontaktu stali stosowanej na zbiorniki magazynowe w przemyśle fermentacyjnym i spirytusowym oraz powłok z tworzywa PET na jakość ziemniaczanego spirytusu surowego. W badanym spirytusie, w wyniku korozji stalowych płytek, stwierdzono zwiększenie zawartości aldehydów, związków karbonylowych oraz innych zanieczyszczeń. W przechowywanym spirytusie najlepsza okazała się powłoka z PET – zmiany fizykochemiczne i organoleptyczne badanego spirytusu były porównywalne ze zmianami, jakie zaszły w spirytusie przechowywanym w szklanym słoju (próbka kontrolna).
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