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Planting shrubs on sand land and degraded pasture are two main measures for desertification control particularly in northwest China. However, their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions remain uncertain. We assessed the changes in stocks of SOC, light fraction of SOC (LF–SOC) and heavy fraction of SOC (HF–SOC) after planting Artemisia ordosica (AO, 17 years), Astragalus mongolicum (AM, 5 years) and Salix psammophila (SP, 16 years) in sand land and planting Caragana microphylla (CM, 24 years) on degraded pasture. Results show that: 1) after planting AO, AM and SP on sand land, SOC stocks increased by 162.5%, 45.2% and 70.8%, respectively, and LF–SOC accounted for a large proportion in the increased SOC. Dry weights of LF–SOC, rather than carbon concentrations, were higher in shrublands than that in sand land; 2) after planting CM on degraded pasture, SOC stock decreased by 9.3% and all the loss was HF–SOC in 60–100 cm soil layer where both herbaceous fine root biomass (HFRB) and soil water content (SWC) also decreased. The results indicate that planting shrubs can result in an increase of SOC in sand land, whereas that can lead to a decrease of SOC in degraded pasture. The increase of SOC in sand land mainly bases on the accumulation of dry weight of LF–SOC. The loss of SOC in degraded pasture is caused by the decrease of carbon concentrations of HF–SOC, which can be related to the reduction of HFRB and SWC in deep soil layer. Therefore, shrub-planting for desertification control not always improve the quantity and stability of SOC in northwest China.
A field experiment was conducted in the years 2000-2003. The corms of Sparaxis tricolor were planted in spring at the following dates: 20.04, 29.04, 10.05 and 20.05 at 3 depths of planting: 4, 6 and 8 cm. The greatest number of inflorescence stalks growing from 1 corm was obtained planting Sparaxis at the earliest of the studied dates. The length of the main shoot, the length of the spike, the number of inflorescences in a spike as well as the diameter of the first flower were also the biggest when the corms were planted at the turn of the second and third 10-days’ period of April. More inflorescence stalks were obtained planting the corms at the depth of 4 cm. Deeper corm planting at the depth of 6-8 cm had a positive effect on the diameter of the first flower in the inflorescence and the length of the leaves. The studies observed a positive effect of earlier planting on the formation of inflorescence stalks containing at least 5 flowers in a spike. Their proportion range in particular years was from 15 to 40% for Sparaxis planted on 20 April and it decreased to 6-17% when the corms were planted on 20 May.
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