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The relationships between aboveground biomass and Voronoi area of coexisting species in an old-field community

100%

Du F., Xu X., Zhang X. C., Sui Y., Shao M., Hu L., Shan L.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2012

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tom 60

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nr 3

Voronoi area of coexisting species in a community has an important role in determining their performances as it is related with the available resources around individuals. Biomass formed within certain Voronoi area probably can be a mark of species that characterised resource competition ability of coexisting species in natural community. In this article, we tried to probe the subject in the following three aspects: 1) what is the apparent relationship between individuals’ aboveground biomass and their available Voronoi area for species in natural community? 2)what is the possible theoretic relationship between them? 3) additionally, whether there are any possible indices that can be elicited from species’ occupied Voronoi area to reflect species’ competitive ability. Using individual-based investigation of aboveground biomass and their corresponding positions, Voronoi area of all individuals of coexisting species in an old field community were computed. The growth of an individual could be regard as a process to compete for resources that is limited by the available area or volume encompassed by the neighborhood individuals. We extended logistic growth model to describe the relationship between Voronoi area and aboveground biomass of coexisting species by relating limiting rhizospheral resource with the Voronoi area around an individual. Theoretically, the individual’s aboveground biomass is also controlled by factor-ceiling effects of Voronoi area. So the extended model was fitted with boundary analysis method. And also, their linear relationship was fitted. Under the prediction that competive ability is one of the main driving factors of community succession, two parameters as the Voronoi area of coexisting species and the Voronoi area per unit of aboveground biomass were used to check whether they can designate species’ competitive abilities and competitive hierarchies. This was presented by fitting the two parameters with the successional niche positions that was represented by the ordination values along abandonment ages of old field communities in the local area. The results showed that: 1) For most species, the linear regression demonstrated that Voronoi area of an individual that occupied larger Voronoi area tended to have greater aboveground biomass. The nonlinear regression of showed that the relationship might depend upon species’ growth characteristics, like shade tolerance and root proliferation. Generally, the relationship could be better fitted by the extended logistic growth model using boundary analysis method than by the linear regression, except for some shade-preferring or clone species. If factor-ceiling effects were considered, at the highest, about 48% of the variation of aboveground biomass could be interpreted by Voronoi area. For some other species with light preference or clone proliferation, the determination coefficient was around zero. 2) Species’ averaged Voronoi area had significant and positive Kendall’s tau-b and Spearman correlations with successional niches, and species’ per-unit aboveground biomass positions of Voronoi area has significantly negative rank correlation with successional niche positions. These indicate that both of them can reflect species’ competitive ability and hierarchy to some extent.

2

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Early performance of four sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstocks in a high density growing system

100%

Milic B., Kalajdzic J., Keserovic Z., Magazin N., Ognjanov V., Miodragovic M., Popara G.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2019

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tom 18

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nr 1

Growing the sweet cherry on different vigor rootstocks, such as Colt and Gisela 5, in a high-density orchard, causes differences in growth and productivity and later imposes the need to change the growing system including pruning, flower and fruit thinning, irrigation and fertilization. In the present research, four sweet cherry cultivars (Summit, Kordia, Lapins and Regina) grafted on Colt and Gisela 5 rootstocks were assessed for morphological traits and productivity. The parameters investigated were: vegetative growth, bearing potential, fruit set, precocity, productivity, fruit growth habit and quality attributes. Compared to Colt, the trees on Gisela 5 had smaller TCSA and the length of two-year-old branches, in the fifth season after planting. Trees on Gisela 5 had a higher number of flower buds per may bouquet compared to Colt, which confirms that bearing potential is highly affected by the rootstock. Growing the sweet cherries on Gisela 5 induced a higher fruit setting in all cultivars except in Kordia. Fruit physical attributes were affected by the cultivar, growing system and experimental year. For all tested cultivars, the yield per tree was significantly lower on Colt compared to Gisela 5. Gisela 5 performed better than Colt, which suggests that Gisela 5 should be used as a rootstock in high density sweet cherry production systems.

3

Response of salt-stressed common bean plant performances to foliar application of phosphorus (MAP)

100%

Rady M. M., El-Shewy A. A., Seif El-Yazal M. A., Abdelaal K. E. S.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 72

The study objective is to evaluate the effect of mono-ammonuim phosphate (MAP; 0, 10, and 20 mM) applied as foliar application on the growth traits, green and dry yields characteristics, leaf photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf contents of nutrients of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. “Bronco”) plants grown under saline soil conditions. To perform this objective, two field trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University during the 2016 and 2017 summer seasons. The obtained results showed that, Na⁺ content was significantly declined, while the all other tested parameters such as growth characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number of leaves per plant, area of leaves per plant, and shoot fresh and dry weights), yield characteristics of green pods and dry seeds (i.e., average pod weight, number of pods per plant, pods weight per plant, dry seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight), leaf photosynthetic pigments (i.e., total chlorophylls, total carotenoids) contents and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., Fv/Fm and PI), leaf contents of N, P, K⁺, and Ca²⁺, and the ratios of K⁺/Na⁺, Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and K⁺+Ca²⁺/Na⁺ were significantly increased by the two levels (i.e., 10 and 20 mM) of MAP compared to the controls (without MAP). The two MAP levels conferred the same results for most of the all tested parameters; particularly growth and yields characteristics, with some exceptions. Therefore, results of this study recommend using 10 mM MAP as foliar application to optimize the common bean performances in saline soils.

4

Involvement of phenolics, flavonoids and phenolic acids in high yield characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

100%

Xuan T. D., Bach D. T., Dat T. D.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 68

The present study examined the correlation between phenolic acids and flavonoids with high and low yield traits of rice. It was observed that the difference of phenolic contents among the tested rice lines occurred only at the vegetative stage. The concentrations of phenolic acids were higher in the high yield cultivars than low yield varieties at the vegetative stage, but they either decreased dramatically or disappeared during the development stage. Caffeic acid was found only in high yield, whereas chlorogenic acid was detected only in low yield rice. Sinapic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in high yield cultivars at vegetative stage (3.7 mg/g), followed by ferulic acid (1.2 mg/g). These findings suggested that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid may play a particular role in forming yield components in rice. The cultivar B3 contained high amount of sinapic acid may be used as a natural source for pharmaceutical use.

5

Effects of nutrient availability and competition between two grass species Leymus chinensis [Trin.] Tzvel. and Phragmites communis Trin. on the plant performance

80%

Ba L., Xiao N., Xu W., Wang D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 3

453-462

Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., a perennial grass, is a dominant species from arid to semi-arid steppes in northern China and eastern Mongolia. Phragmites communis Trin. is also a perennial grass, and is distributed widely in the world. In the natural grasslands of northeastern China, both species always co-exist as co-dominating species due to their common characteristics such as propagation both by seeds and vegetative reproduction. Replacement series experiments were used to test the effects of nutrient availability and competitive interaction on the growth performance of two clonal plant species. The experimental treatments included five nutrient levels (3.6, 7.2, 10.8, 14.4 and 18.0 kg organic matter per pot, 20 cm diameter and 15 cm deep) and five species proportions (20:0, 16:4, 10:10, 4:16 and 0:20 for L. chinensis and P. communis, respectively) with twenty tillers in total per pot. Each treatment had 10 replications. Growth characteristics including tiller height, tiller number, plant biomass, rhizome length and bud number of plants in monoculture and mixture culture were recorded and compared to examine the effects of nutrient and competitive interaction on the plant performance. The growth of L. chinensis and P. communis in mixture was influenced by the nutrient availability and competition, which depended on the combination between nutrient level and species proportion. The results implied that the intensity of competition should be lower in nutrient-poor habitats when the co-existing species demanded on the same limiting resource. P. communis benefited from coexisting with L. chinensis, especially under nutrient-rich conditions. The aboveground relative yield (RYabove) expressed in units of tiller height, dry biomass and daughter tiller number was recommended as an effective and simple index to predict the relative competitive ability for clonal plants. It was based on the regression for RY above and RYbelow (the belowground relative yield) against RY (relative yield), measured as yield in mixture divided by that in monoculture.

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Between-population variation in plant performance traits and elemental composition of Colchicum autumnale L. and its relation to edaphic environments

80%

Mroz L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2008

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tom 77

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nr 3

229-239

Variation in vegetative and reproductive performance and leaf mineral composition among 25 populations of Colchicum autumnale (meadow saffron) from soils derived from six parent materials (limestone, marl, sandstone, greenstone, melaphyre and serpentine) in southwestern Poland has been investigated. The plant size (PS), total le-af area (TLA), leaf shape (LS), number of fruits per plant (NFP), number of seeds per plant (NFP), total weight seed per plant (TWSP) were estimated, and concentrations of seventeen elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo) were analyzed in leaf and soil samples. In soil samples, also soil pH, organic matter content and sand, silt and clay content were determined. All soils (except melaphyre soil) contained elevated levels of Cr. Concentrations of soil Ni and Zn, Pb, Cd in serpentinite soil and polluted marl soils (respectively) were significantly higher than those of other examined soils. Meadow saffron leaves from all sites (except marl sites) contained elevated levels of Cr, Co and Ni. Statistical analysis, carried out with principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that a good correlation exists between the element content in leaves and plant performance traits and soil environment. The leaf Ca content and NFP were correlated and were much higher in populations from metal (except Cr) and nutrient-poor marl soils than in those from metal (except Ni in serpentine soil)and nutrient moderate rich soils derived from melaphyre, greenstones, serpentinite, limestones and sandstones and in those from metal-rich and nutrient-poor polluted marl soils. Meadow saffron plants tended to take up higher amounts of N, P, K, Mn, Cu and Na and lower amounts of S and had much higher TLA in populations from sandstone soils than those in populations from serpentinite, melaphyre, greenstone, marl and limestone soils. The leaf Co, Ni, Cr, Mg concentrations were correlated and were much higher in populations from serpentinite, melaphyre, greenstone, polluted marl and limestone soils than those from marl and sandstone soils. The pattern of variation in NFP and TLA across the different soil types was the opposite of that for leaf N, Cu, Na, Ni, Mg and S concentrations. Redundancy analysis (RDA) enables identification of the soil variables that best explain the variance pattern of plant response. The variation explained by the soil variables (15 soil elements and soil pH) was high (79%). The forward selection of soil variables identified soil Co, Mo, Ni, Ca and Zn concentrations as significantly influencing the ordination plant traits. The variation explained by these selected variables was 55%. Thus the five soil variables appeared to be the main factors determining the pattern variation of vegetative, reproductive and nutrient traits of Colchicum autumnale.

7

Mulching effects and nitrogen application on the performance of Zea mays L: crop growth and nutrient accumulation

80%

Oroka F. O.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2016

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tom 51

Maize is an agronomic cereal species that is sensitive to nutrient applications, especially nitrogen. Field experiments were conducted in 2011 and 2012 to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and mulching using dried weeds on maize growth and nutrient accumulation. The study was located in the Research Farm of the Agricultural Science Education Unit of the Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria ((latitude 50 46’N and longitude 60 5’E). The experiment consist of eight (8) treatments (i) control (ii) 40kgNha-1 (iii) 80kgNha-1 (iv) 120kgNha-1 (v) 4.5t ha-1 Panicum maximum + 40kgNha-1 (vi) 4.5t ha-1 Pueraria phaseoloides + 40kgNha-1 (vii) 4.5t ha-1 Eleusine indica + 40kgNha-1 (viii) 4.5t ha-1 Stylosanthes gracilis + 40kgNha-1. The treatments were replicated three times. From research results, the combination of Pueraria phaseoloides with 40kgNha-1 showed higher maize plant height, foliage development attributes, shoot dry matter, crop growth indices and nutrient uptake compared to other combinations, while only nitrogen application of 120kgNha-1 recorded the highest in all the treatments. It can be concluded based on the results in this study, that legume based weeds as mulch can be supplemented with nitrogen to improve maize growth.

8

Wpływ przedsiewnej stymulacji laserowej nasion i dokarmiania mikroelementami (B, Mo) na plonowanie nasiennej, tetraploidalnej koniczyny czerwonej w czteroletnim użytkowaniu

61%

Wilczek M., Cwintal M.

Acta Agrophysica

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2011

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tom 17

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nr 1[188]

W latach 2006-2009 przeprowadzono badania z tetraploidalną koniczyną czerwoną, odmiany ‘Terenia’, uprawianą na nasiona. W eksperymencie uwzględniono dwa czynniki: 1. przedsiewną stymulację nasion laserem He-Ne, o gęstości powierzchniowej mocy 4 i 8 mW·cm-2, stosowaną 1- i 3- krotnie. 2. dokarmianie roślin w fazie pąkowania z drugiego pokosu borem i molibdenem (0; 0,15 B + 0,01 Mo; 0,30 B + 0,02 Mo; 0,45 B + 0,03 Mo kg·ha-1). Koniczynę uprawiano w cyklu 4-letnim. Największy wpływ na plony nasion miały warunki meteorologiczne, kiedy to okres wegetacji wynosił 104 dni, średnia temperatura powietrza 18,4oC, a suma opadów 233,6mm. Plony nasion tetraploidalnej koniczyny czerwonej wahały się od 485 (2008 r.) do 692 kg·ha-1 (2007). Już najniższa dawka mikroelementów (B – 0,15 i Mo – 0,01 kg·ha-1) istotnie zwiększała liczbę nasion w główce i procent ich osadzenia oraz plony zebrane i potencjalne. Wyższe dawki boru i molibdenu, w porównaniu z najniższą, nie spowodowały uzasadnionych statystycznie różnic w plonach nasion i wymienionych elementach ich struktury. Przedsiewna stymulacja nasion światłem lasera istotnie zwiększała tylko liczbę roślin na 1 m2 po wschodach oraz plony zielonej i suchej masy ściernianki. W sprzyjających warunkach pogodowych możliwa jest uprawa tetraploidalnej koniczyny czerwonej na nasiona w czteroletnim cyklu (I rok: wsiewka w jęczmień jary – zbiór ziarna jęczmienia i ściernianki; II, III, IV rok: zbiór pierwszego pokosu na paszę, a drugiego na nasiona).

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Presoaking treatment of propolis aqueous extract alleviates salinity stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown under calcareous saline soil conditions

61%

El-Yazal M. A. S.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2019

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tom 76

Two pot experiments were conducted during the two successive seasons of 2014 and 2015 to study the effect of propolis extract at the rates 0, 6000, 7000, 8000 and 9000 mg/L solution used as seed soaking to spinach seedlings on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.) grown under calcareous saline soil conditions. The obtained results indicated that increasing the rates of propolis extract as seed soaking application increased the growth parameters of the treated plants. The best result was obtained by the middle rate (7000 mg/L) as seed soaking in both seasons of the study. The same trend was also observed regarding all studied chemical constituents, i.e. chlorophyll a, b and total caroteniods concentration, anthocyanine, total carbohydrates, total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, free proline, crude protein, total indoles, total phenols, N, P and K in leaves. Moreover, soaking seeds in propolis extract before planting improved the metabolic activity of seeds through the increase in seed values in total and reducing sugars, total free amino acid, total indoles and total phenols as well as the lowest values of total carbohydrate. Thus, the coincident application of propolis extract at (7000 mg/L) as a seed soaking ingredient is recommended for improving growth, yield and chemical composition of spinach plants and for overcoming the adverse effect of saline conditions.

Ograniczanie wyników

The relationships between aboveground biomass and Voronoi area of coexisting species in an old-field community

Early performance of four sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Gisela 5 and Colt rootstocks in a high density growing system

Response of salt-stressed common bean plant performances to foliar application of phosphorus (MAP)

Involvement of phenolics, flavonoids and phenolic acids in high yield characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Effects of nutrient availability and competition between two grass species Leymus chinensis [Trin.] Tzvel. and Phragmites communis Trin. on the plant performance

Between-population variation in plant performance traits and elemental composition of Colchicum autumnale L. and its relation to edaphic environments

Mulching effects and nitrogen application on the performance of Zea mays L: crop growth and nutrient accumulation

Wpływ przedsiewnej stymulacji laserowej nasion i dokarmiania mikroelementami (B, Mo) na plonowanie nasiennej, tetraploidalnej koniczyny czerwonej w czteroletnim użytkowaniu

Presoaking treatment of propolis aqueous extract alleviates salinity stress in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown under calcareous saline soil conditions