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In 2009 on Begonia semperflorens stem base, brown conical spots spreading upwards to the first branching were observed. Affected plants wilted slowly and died. From diseased tissues Phytophthora cactorum was mainly isolated. Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and F. culmorum occurred only sporadically. In laboratory trials P. cactorum colonized leaves of Begonia semperflorens and Begonia × hybrida with significantly faster development of necroses on the first species. Among 4 cultivars of begonia significantly faster colonization of leaf petioles was observed on Willem Kusters. In greenhouse trial the pathogen colonized leaves and stems of B. sempervirens.
Six isolates of Trichoderma spp. (belonging to species: Trichoderma harzianum and T. longibrachiatum) were applied as seed or soil treatments to suppress damping-off of seedlings of ten cotton cultivars under greenhouse conditions. In most cases, cultivar x isolate interaction was a highly significant (p < 0.01) source of variation in the tested seedling growth parameters: incidence of disease, seedling height, and seedling dry weight. This interaction implies that a single isolate of Trichoderma can be highly effective in controlling the disease on a cotton cultivar but may have minimal efficiency in controlling the disease on another cultivar. It was also found that, in most cases, cultivar x isolate x application method was a highly significant source of variation (p < 0.01) in the tested growth parameters. Cotton cultivars showed differences in the disease reaction to the biocontrol agents. In the experiments evaluating the Trichoderma antagonists and their effect on seedling disease, a highly significant (p < 0.01) experimental treatment interaction was found. This interaction suggests that the outcome of cultivar x isolate interaction is markedly affected by the application method. Thus, the application method should be chosen to maximize the outcome of this interaction. The degree of the control of seedling disease in cotton differed according to the isolates of antagonists, the application method and cultivars.
Investigations into aphid parazytoids were carried out in 19831993 in the districts of: Kielce, Radom, Tarnobrzeg and Piotrków on 27 species of forest trees and shrubs. The aphid species were collected by picking them from host trees and shrubs and subsequently were reared for adult parasites in laboratory conditions. There were found 30 species of Aphidiidae belonging to 8 genera: Dyscritulus HINCKS (1), Trioxys HAL. (6), Praon HAL. (4), Lysiphlebus FÖRSTER (3), Pauesia Quilis M.P. (7), Diaeretus FÖRSTER (1), Ephedrus HAL. (1) and Aphidius NEES (7). The host plants, host aphids and aphid parasites are shown in the table included.
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