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The geographic distribution and occurrence conditions of Juniperus thurifera subsp. africana in Morocco were studied. The literature and herbaria data, together with field observations formed the basis of detailed maps of distribution of the species in the Middle and High Atlas and allow us to analyze its vertical distribution. The taxon occurs in the sub-arid and arid zones of the Middle and High Atlas with a separate population in the Anti-Atlas, mostly between altitudes 2000 and 2700 m, with an altitudinal maximum at 3400 m and a minimum at 1700 m. It forms forests in the area of about 30 000 ha. In many places of the High Atlas it is the only wood source for local populations. It is strongly endangered because of over exploitation of the wood, over pasturing and lack of seedlings and young specimens.
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Flora identified within a region plays an important role in maintaining national natural reserves. Iran is one of the most important centers of plant diversity in the Old World (22% endemic species of 8000 plant species). Dehdez burned forest area is located in the southeastern Khuzestan province. The field data were obtained from 115 sample plots in a systematic random grid (20 m × 20 m). The attributes such as tree and shrub species type, the number of species and canopy coverage were recorded. Within each sample plot small and large crown diameters were measured. In order to record herbaceous species, the Whitaker’s snail plot method was applied (100 m² minimum plot area). In this study, 240 plant species were assessed and identified to 158 genera and 42 families. Asteraceae family with 33 species, Papilionaceae with 32 species, Poaceae with 29 species, Apiaceae w ith 27 s pecies a nd Lamiaceae with 18 species prevailed and constituted 57.9% of all the plants observed. Investigation of species life forms showed that Hemicryptophyte plants were most important. Chorological study showed that species found in Irano-Turanian and Common areas of Irano-Turanian and Mediterranean eruption were the most important ecological groups in the region, while other chorotypes were positioned far from the next in importance.
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Pinus mugo occurs only in the highest mountain chains of the Ukrainian East Carpathians. The largest part of the species area covers the Chornokhora ridge and the highest ridges of the Gorgany. In the other mountains of Ukraine it does not form thicket on so large terrains. Vertically, most of localities are placed at an elevation between 1400 and 1900 m, with maximum at 2010 m in the Chornokhora and with minimum about 700–800 m. The latter stands were reported from the peat bogs, however, the most of them have been destroyed and do not exist now. The dwarf mountain pine forms the community of Pinetum mugo, formed exclusively on the substrata not containing calcium dioxide. The species is connected with northern exposures. The area of distribution of Pinus mugo has been strongly reduced during centuries and association Pinetum mugo transformed into pastures.
Distribution of Loiseleuria procumbens (L.) Desv. in the Eastern Carpathians of Ukraine is presented on the basis of herbaria, literature and the authors' field studies. Site conditions of species occurrence and its phytocoenotic properties are described. The needs' of protection of L. procumbens and its plant communities are discussed.
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The paper analyses the distribution and occurrence conditions of Loiseleuria procumbens in the Spanish Pyrenees. The species represents a typical arctic-alpine element in the flora of Europe. In the Pyrenees it reaches its southernmost European localities. The Pyrenean populations of the species are not numerous in the majority of the localities. L. procumbens occurs most frequently in the alpine and subalpine zones, at altitudes between 2100 and 2650 m, with a minimum at 1750 m and a maximum at 2900 m. It has been reported nearly exclusively in the siliceous substrata, and predominantly on the north-facing slopes, on the regosols and/or on flat tops of rocks. It forms its own communities, mostly included into the Loiseleurio-Vaccinion alliance, and rarely enters associations of the Festucion airoidis and Rhododendro-Vaccinion alliances. Its typical community, Cetrario-Loiseleurietum procumbentis, is found only in the eastern and central parts of the Spanish Pyrenees.
Vaccinium uliginosum L., as a species associated with raised bogs and marshy coniferous forests, belongs to rare and endangered species in Wielkopolska. This paper presents results of research on the resources and condition of the population of this species on the isolated site within the “Bagna” near Chlebowo in northern Wielkopolska (western Poland). The results indicate that this population is declining.
The descent of some mountain species into the lowlands is an interesting phenomenon in plant geography and ecology. The main purpose of the present study is to update the list of mountain species for the Silesian Uplands and to provide a synthesis of the knowledge accumulated to date on the habitats for their occurrence, a possible origin and their distribution patterns. In the present study, both the authors’ own records and those obtained by other researchers have been used: published, unpublished and herbarium records, and assembled in a form compatible with the Atlas of distribution of vascular plants in Poland (ATPOL) in the ATPOL– Silesia database). A list of mountain species present in the study region (approximately 4000 km2) is provided in relation to their altitudinal groups. For each species, information about its affiliation to geographical elements and the type of habitats in which it has occurred is recorded. The distribution of mountain species in the Silesian Uplands has been investigated by mapping the species onto a grid of 2 × 2 km squares (1040 in total). For ATPOL squares, containing at least one mountain species (N = 647), CORINE land cover data were obtained and used in explaining the distribution of mountain species composition and richness. In the vascular flora of the Silesian Uplands 76 mountain taxa have been noted, including 2 submontane, 41 montane, 1 subalpine and 32 multizonal species. The list of mountain species has been supplemented with Lonicera nigra and Cirsium erisithales. Many mountain species occurring in the Silesian Uplands have localities distributed throughout the whole region and thus they do not represent any particular type of range. Some species show certain patterns of distribution associated with local habitat conditions. Stands of the montane species are concentrated mainly in the western part of the Silesian Uplands, while the multizonal species are concentrated in the eastern and central part of the study area. Most of the mountain species occur in natural habitats, in particular in broadleaved woodlands, even when they have been degraded. However, some of the species prefer strongly degraded habitats, in particular sand- and clay-pits, quarries and industrial spoils which has been confirmed by multivariate (RDA) analysis. Discussing the possible origin of the mountain species in the Silesian Uplands one can consider migration routes from two directions: from the Sudety Mts. or from the Carpathian Mts. (located approximately 400 km south-west from a study area and 50–100 km south, respectively). Another possible explanation is that the species had a wider range during the glaciations and survived here in refugia.
We present a study of the distribution, ecology and conservation status of Cupressus atlantica, an endemic tree of the High Atlas (Morocco). The main populations of this species grow in a reduced area along the N’Fiss valley in the Central High Atlas and are gradually receding. Particular populations are increasingly fragmented and the total area covered by the cypress woodland has decreased to less than a third of the surface occupied in the 1930s. Overgrazing reduces the woodlands’ regenerative capacity, and the exploitation of the wood, linked to traditional uses by the rural society of the N’Fiss valley, directly reduces the number of trees. Great efforts being made to protect the species by the Haut Commissariat aux Eaux et Forêts are having some effect in recent years.
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