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A strict, two-factor field experiment in split-block design with the control was carried out at the Mochełek Experiment Station over 1997-1999. Plants of ‘Teo’, traditional yellow lupin cultivar, were treated with varied doses of growth regulators and Ekolist (macro- and micro-nutrient fertiliser) at the beginning of plant flowering. The following growth regulators were applied: auxin – indole-3-butritic acid (A), cytokinin – 6-benzyloaminopurine (C), gibberellin (gibberellic acid) (G), A+C, A+G, A+C+G and Ekolist, all of them applied in three doses: low, medium and high. Over the successive research years the plants were sprayed on June 25, 14 and 14. Over full flowering, 20 control-plot plant flowers on the main stem and branches were counted. Before harvest 20 plants were sampled from each plot to determine the seed yield components.
The experiment studied the effect of various mulching terms of ‘Foxtrot’ tulips with wheat straw in combination with spraying of plantations with herbicides using various doses and different amounts of working liquid. The mulch was laid out just after planting and after the soil had frozen. The experiment included combinations, in which the mulch was left until the end of the growing season or removed in spring. Spraying with single (linuron 675 g·ha–1 + lenacyl 1000 g·ha–1) or double herbicide dose (linuron 1350 g·ha–1 + lenacyl 2000 g·ha–1) was made before covering the soil with mulch and also on mulch – two weeks after planting the bulbs, or in the spring after thawing the soil. Volumes of 300 dm3 and 600 dm3 of working liquid were used for spraying. Tulips covered with mulch bloomed 2–3 days later and formed longer shoots as compared to non-mulched ones. The highest yield of marketable bulbs and the first-selection ones was obtained from tulips mulched immediately after planting and sprayed 2 weeks later with herbicides used in a single dose of 600 dm3 of a working liquid. Mulching of tulips after soil freezing and removal of mulch in spring adversely affects the number and weight of commercial bulbs. The lowest yield was obtained in combinations, in which the mulch was not used. The use of additional nitrogen fertilization before laying out the mulch did not affect the yield of tulips. Herbicides can be used both before mulching and after covering the plantation with mulch. It is not necessary to increase the dose of the agent and the amount of water.
The effects were investigated of phosphorus nutrition and AMF inoculation on nutritional status, growth, and flowering of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) ‘Milady’ during cultivation on ebb-and-flow benches. Two P treatments of 8.68 and 43.40 mgxdm-3 were applied. One month after inoculation the roots of inoculated plants were infected by mycorrhizal fungi. The control plants had no root infection. The mycorrhizal fungal colonization in plants that were fertilized at 8.68 and 43.40 mg x dm-3 P was 67% and 60% respectively. Slightly increased P content was detected in leaves of mycorrhizal plants grown under low P level. Mycorrhization did not affect leaf P content of plants grown in high P level. Increased Mg content was measured in leaves of mycorrhizal plants grown under both P levels. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants did not differ with regard to leaf N, K, and Ca contents. P nutrition did not also affect the contents of these elements in leaf tissue. Mycorrhization decreased the pH and lowered salt accumulation in growing media. Significantly lower shoot biomass, plant height, shoot number were recorded in all plants inoculated with AMF. Mycorrhization also delayed flowering of China aster; the high P level slightly accelerated it. Mycorrhizal plants had fewer flower buds and flowers than nonmycorrhizal ones. The high P level increased the number of flowers of nonmycorrhizal plants only.
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