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Profitability of sugar beet foliar nutrition with silicon

100%

Artyszak A., Klarzynska E., Litwinczuk-Bis M., Siuda A.

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agrobusiness Economists

|

2019

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

In the years 2015-2016 in Sahryń (50°41′ N, 23°47’ E) a field experiment, with the aim of assessing profitability of foliar nutrition of sugar beet with silicon, was carried out. The following products containing silicon were used in the experiment: Actisil, Herbagreen Z20 and Optysil. Each of them was applied once, twice and thrice. For each combination, the gross production value, the costs of foliar nutrition, the net production value and the profitability index were calculated. The total costs of silicon foliar application varied depending on the number of treatments and the applied product from 50 to 402 PLN/ha. The gross production value of sugar beet due to foliar nutrition with silicon increased by 1.3-22.9% for the research period, and the net production value by 5.5-19.0%. A large variation in the achieved financial results was observed in 2015, in which there were particularly unfavorable conditions for the growth and yield of sugar beet. In the more favorable year for growing sugar beet (2016), the difference was smaller. The largest increase in the gross and net production value of sugar beet was ensured by the double and triple application of Actisil fertilizer and the triple application of the Optysil growth stimulator. However, the largest profitability indicator (11.26) was characterized by a single Optysil growth stimulator application.

2

The influence of liming and mineral fertilization on the utilization of nitrogen by spring barley

86%

Bednarek W., Reszka R.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio E. Agricultura

|

2009

|

tom 64

|

nr 3

3

Changes in the content of sulphate sulphur and arylsulphatase activity in soil under potato caused by fertilization

86%

Siwik-Ziomek A., Koper J.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 1

171-176

Biological processes which shape soil fertility are affected by microorganisms and enzymes they produce as well as the rate of biogeochemical transformations in the cycling ofelements. One of the enzymes is arylsulphatase (EC 3.1.6.1.), which hydrolyses sulphate esters with aromatic radical, releasing sulphate ions according to the equation: R-C-O-SO3- + H2O  R-C-OH + SO42- + H+. The enzyme plays an essential role in the sulphur cycle in soil and it can be an indicator of sulphur mineralization in soil. For his study, soil was sampled from a field under potato fertilized with different doses of farmyard manure (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t·ha-1) and mineral nitrogen (0, 45, 90, 135 kg N·ha-1). The activity of arylsulphatase was assayed according to Tabatabai and Bremner, while sulphate (VI) sulphur was determined as described by Bardsley and Lancaster. The content of organic carbon in the soil ranged from 8.168 to 10.96 g·kg-1 and depended on FYM fertilization, while the content of total nitrogen ranged from 0.889 to 1.012 g·kg-1 with an average of 0.960 g·kg-1 for FYM and mineral nitrogen doses. The effect of fertilisation on changes in the amount of sulphate sulphur and the activity of arylsulphatase in the soil was noted. The content of sulphate sulphur throughout the research ranged from 21.49 to 24.83 g·kg-1. The higher the FYM doses, the higher the content of the fraction of sulphur available to plants. The soil provided a good supply of sulphur to plants. The activity of the enzyme ranged from 0.010 to 0.024 µM pNP g-1 ·h-1. Its highest activity (an average 0.018 pM pNP g-1·h-1) was recorded in the samples fertilised with nitrogen at the amount of 45 kg·ha-1. Both parameters changed during the potato vegetation period.

4

The effect of magnesium fertilization on the macronutrient content of pepino dulce [Solanum muricatum Ait.] fruit

86%

Francke A.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 3

467-475

Pepino dulce (Solanum muricatum Ait.) of the family Solanaceae is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Andes. Pepino dulce fruit can be harvested at different stages of ripeness. As the majority of vegetables of the family Solanaceae, the fruit is abundant in potassium. Since there are no fertilizer recommendations for pepino dulce grown under cover, a study was launched to determine the fertilizer requirements of this vegetable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing magnesium rates and fruit ripeness stages on macronutrient content and ratios in the fruit of pepino dulce cv. Konsuelo. A two-factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was conducted in 2005-2007, in a tall, unheated, plastic tunnel at the Experimental Garden of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Pepino dulce was propagated by cuttings taken from stock plants grown from seeds in 2004. The rooted cuttings were transferred to Kick- Brauchman pots filled with 9 dm3 mineral soil with pH 6.8. Experimental factors were as follows: I – Mg rates: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g Mg plant–1, II – fruit ripeness stages: ripe fruit showing a typical fully ripe color (yellowish-purple, yellow, cream), unripe green-colored fruit that has reached a typical form and size. The experiment was performed in four replications, and each replication comprised a pot with a single plant. Every pot was fertilized with 2 g N applied as CO(NH2)2, 3 g K applied as K2SO4 and increasing rates of Mg applied as MgSO4⋅7 H2O. Non-fertilized plants served as a control treatment. The plants were pruned for two stems. Fruit samples for chemical analyses were collected at full ripening (in mid-August). The concentrations of organic N, P, K, Ca and Mg in pepino fruit were determined, and the following weight ratios were calculated: Ca : P, Ca : Mg, K : Mg, K: (Ca + Mg), K : Ca. The results of chemical analyses were processed statistically by an analysis of variance (ANOVA), using Statistica 8.0 software. The highest total nitrogen and potassium levels were noted in the fruit of plants fertilized with the lowest magnesium rate (0.5 g Mg per plant), while the fruit of plants fertilized with the highest magnesium rate (1.5 g Mg per plant) accumulated the highest amounts of calcium and magnesium. The highest phosphorus content was reported in the fruit of non-fertilized plants. Fully ripe fruit contained significantly more nitrogen an magnesium, while unripe fruit had a higher content of phosphorus, potassium and calcium. An adequate Ca:Mg ratio, a narrow Ca:P ratio and wide K:Mg, K:(Ca + Mg) and K:Ca ratios were observed in all treatments.

5

Using nitrogen and sulphur for the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) nutrition

72%

Losak T., Palenicek L.

Rośliny Oleiste - Oilseed Crops

|

2005

|

tom 26

|

nr 1

6

Influence of different potassium fertilization level on nutritional status of winter wheat and on yield during critical growth stage

72%

Gaj R.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

629-637

An optimum plant crop nutrition status during critical stages of growth is one of the most important factors shaping their ability to yield. It has been assumed that plant nutrition during the spring wheat stem elongation stage has a significant influence on the growth and yield of this crop. In Poland, potassium is a critical nutrient for plant growth and yielding. In order to verify this hypothesis, three series of one factorial experiment were conducted in 2003-2005 that involved reduced rates of potassium applied to cv. Zyta winter wheat. The following rates of potassium were applied: 0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha–1. The assessment of wheat nutritional status was conducted at the beginning of stem elongation (BBCH30/31) using a German model called PIPPA. It had been hypothesized that this particular stage was decisive for wheat growth and yielding. Wheat plants showed deficiency in Ca, K, P and N irrespective of the applied potassium rate. Calcium and potassium deficiencies were crucial for the final grain yield. However, the relationships that occurred between nitrogen and main nutrients, i.e. pairs of nutrients such as N: P, N: K, N: Ca, showed a much better prognostic value, i.e. the relationship with grain yield, than the levels of nutrients in separation. The nitrogen content in leaves at the beginning of shooting showed its limiting effect on grain yield, provided that Ca was deficient, an event which appeared when N: Ca was wider that 34: 1. The same correlation was noticed for potassium, but there the excess of nitrogen revealed its harmful effect when the N:K ratio was above 1.0.

7

The effect of the growing conditions on the growth and reproduction of tulip bulbs produced in vitro

72%

Podwyszynska M., Nowak J. S.

Folia Horticulturae

|

2004

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

133-145

8

The effect of calcium carbonate and top dressing with Peters Professional Special on the growth and flowering of Helleborus lividus Aiton

72%

Henschke M., Szczepaniak S., Czuchaj P., Kozik E.

Folia Horticulturae

|

2009

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

9

Effect of fertilization on content and uptake of chlorine by oilseed rape under pot experiment conditions

72%

Podlesna A.

Journal of Elementology

|

2009

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

At present, chlorine counts as one of the elements which are essential for growth and development of plants because it plays an important role in main physiological processes as well as in plant protection against diseases. In Poland, the problem of chlorine shortage does not appear, therefore there are no studies on its present concentration and accumulation in field crops. However, the content of chlorine in plants and their tolerance to its excess in soil are varied. Under conditions of its high availability in the environment, its excessive accumulation is possible because chlorine is easily taken up from soil and directly from air. The aim of this study has been to find out the concentration and accumulation of chlorine in winter oilseed rape organs in dependence on N and Cl supply from the flowering up to the full maturity phase. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of IUNG-PIB, in Mitscherlich pots, where winter oilseed rape was cultivated. The first experimental factor was nitrogen fertilization (1.4 and 2.8 g pot-1) and the second was chlorine application (0, 0.47, 0.97 and 1.42 g pot-1). Chlorine concentration in plants was dependent on N dose, which caused its decrease, and on Cl dose, which resulted in its increase. The most abundant in chlorine were leaves while flowers and developing siliques contained the least of this element. Chlorine accumulated mainly in rape leaves. The accumulation of chlorine in oilseed rape increased under higher plant supply in N and Cl. The experimental plants showed a moderate supply in Cl, except the object fertilized with the highest dose of chlorine.

10

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the nutritional status of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants and on substrate salinity

72%

Golcz A., Kujawski P., Markiewicz B.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2008

|

tom 07

|

nr 1

In the years 2004 and 2005, in an unheated greenhouse, an experiment was carried out with hot pepper ‘Wulkan’ cultivar. The purpose of studies was to determine the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the salinity of substrate in hot pepper growing and to show the dependence between the content of these elements in the substrate and in the indicator parts of the plant. Fertilization with nitrogen and potassium was differentiated in two levels: N 250 and K 300, and N 350 and K 400 mg‧dm⁻³ substrate. It was found that a higher dose of nitrate and potassium caused an increase of EC in the substrate. A differentiated level of nitrogen fertilization had no effect on the nutritional status of hot pepper plants by this macroelement. On the other hand, potassium content in leaves was slightly higher with a higher fertilization level.

11

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer form and foliar application on the concentrations of twenty-five elements in carrot

72%

Smolen S., Sady W.

Folia Horticulturae

|

2009

|

tom 21

|

nr 1

3-16

12

Effect of fertilization on roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) yield and content of active compounds

72%

Buchwald W., Mordalski R., Kucharski W. A., Gryszczynska A., Adamczak A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2015

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) is an important medicinal plant with welldocumented adaptogenic activity. The decrease in its natural resources induces to undertake research on the introduction of this species into cultivation. The aim of the present work was to determine the effect of organic and mineral fertilization on increasing the biomass of underground parts of Rh. rosea and the level of biologically active compounds. Throughout the study period, the highest raw material yield was obtained after the application of the following doses of mineral fertilization: N – 60.0 kg·ha-1, P – 35.2 kg·ha-1, K – 83.0 kg·ha-1, without manure. The use of manure caused a decrease in the average rhizome and root weight by more than 20%. Mineral fertilization application increased the average raw material yield by about 30–40% and allowed obtaining the highest weight of underground organs of the species in question already in the fourth year of cultivation. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that mineral fertilization does not affect substantially the level of the individual groups of compounds in the raw material, but the use of manure may significantly reduce the content of phenylpropanoids. The level of active compounds is also influenced by crop age. Two-year-old plants were characterized by the highest content of phenylpropanoids as well as by the lowest content of phenylethanoids and phenolic acids. In the following years of cultivation, no statistically significant changes were observed in the level of the analysed groups of compounds.

13

Effect of mineral fertilization on yield of maize cultivars differing in maturity scale

72%

Barlog P., Frackowiak-Pawlak K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura

|

2008

|

tom 07

|

nr 4

Field experiments were conducted in 2005-2007 at the Brody Experimental Station (52°26’ N; 16°17’ E) of the University of Life Sciences in Poznań with the following factors: 1) cultivars with different FAO number: 210, 240 and 260; 2) fertilization with K, Mg and Na: 0 (control), 150 kg K·ha⁻¹, 150 kg K + 16.3 kg Mg·ha⁻¹, 150 kg K + 16.3 kg Mg + 13.5 kg Na·ha⁻¹; 3) Zn application: 0 (control), 1.5 kg Zn·ha⁻¹ after sowing and 1.5 kg Zn·ha⁻¹ at the 3-4 leaf stage. It was found that the grain yield depended more on the course of weather conditions than did plant residues yield. Maize response to potassium fertilization depended on the vegetation season. In the year favorable for the establishment of a high maize yield, simultaneous K and Mg fertilization at rates 150 and 16.3 kg·ha⁻¹ induced a significant grain yield increase. The influence of zinc fertilization on grain yield depended both on the vegetative period and cultivar. Early maturing cultivars responded positively to Zn and the optimal date for Zn foliar application was the 3-4 leaf stage. Maize response to sodium supplementation was not detected.

14

Content of zinc in plants fertilized with municipal solid waste and urban green waste composts

72%

Sadej W., Namiotko A.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

679-692

In a vegetation experiment, the effect of composts made from unsorted municipal solid waste and urban green waste on the content of zinc in plants has been analyzed. The municipal waste composts matured in heaps for 1, 3 and 6 months. They were applied in three rates: 10, 20 and 30 g kg–1 of soil. The compost made of urban green waste aged in a pile for 6 months and was added to soil in the amount of 10 g kg–1 of soil. It has been determined that the content of zinc in plants was varied and depended on the type and rates of compost used as well as the species of crops. Application of higher rates of composts did not invariably result in an increased concentration of zinc in plant tissues; on the contrary, in some cases the level of zinc determined in fertilized plants was lower than in the control. Much more elevated concentrations of zinc were found after the application of fresh compost made of municipal waste (maturing for one month in a heap). Fertilization of maize and barley with urban green waste compost produced a more favourable result than the application of analogous rates of municpal solid waste compost, as the plants contained less zinc. With respect to the other test plants, such as sunflower, mustard and phacelia, the application of composted green matter caused a considerable increase in the content of zinc, as compared with the treatments fertilized with composted municipal waste, at the same fertilization rates.

15

Effect of fertilization on yield and quality of cultivar Kent strawberry fruit

72%

Chelpinski P., Skupien K., Ochmian I.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 2

251-257

In an experiment carried out in 2006-2007, influence of different fertilizers on yield and quality of cv. Kent strawberry fruit was determined. Two combinations were tested, each consisting of 3 types of fertilizers. The control plants remained unfertilized. In both combinations, two types of multi-component fertilizers were used (T – 5% N, 5% P2O5, 15% K2O and O – 10% N, 5% P2O5, 10% K2O) as well as one rate of ammonium nitrate to provide 50 kg N ha–1 in the first combination and 70 kg N ha–1 in the second one. The usage of multi-component fertilizers, especially O type resulted in an increase of cv. Kent strawberry yield. The fruit collected from the control plants and the ones fertilized with ammonium nitrate weighed less than berries obtained from plants fertilized with multicomponent fertilizers. The treatment with multi-component fertilizers enhanced firmness as well as calcium, phosphorus and potassium content in fruit. The berries fertilized with higher rate of T fertilizer contained more soluble solids, total sugar and reducing sugar. Neither the type of fertilizers, nor their rate affected acidity, vitamin C, total phenol and magnesium content in berries. Higher antioxidant activity towards DPPH radicals was observed in fruit obtained from plants fertilized with lower and higher rate of ammonium nitrate. The lowest nitrogen content was observed for control berries. Practically, the differences regarding nitrogen content between the fruits of the first (50 kg N ha–1) and second combination (70 kg N ha–1) were negligible.

16

Assessment of the influence of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and content of nitrogen and sulphur in maize [Zea mays L.]

72%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 1

65-79

The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on nitrogen and sulphur content in maize was assessed in a pot experiment conducted in 2003-2005. The experimental design comprised the following treatments in four replications on three soils: treatment without fertilizer — (0); mineral fertilization — (NPK); farmyard manure — (FYM); sewage sludge A — (SSA); a mixture of sewage sludge A with peat — (MSSA); sewage sludge B — (SSB) and a mixture of sewage sludge B with peat — (MSSB). The tests were conducted on weakly loamy sand (SI), sandy silt loam (SII) and medium silt loam (SIII), which were collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm) of ploughed land in the vicinity of Krakow. Sewage sludge which originated from two municipal mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants, and their mixtures with peat (the materials were mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio in conversion to dry mass of organic matter) were used in the experiment. After wet mineralization of maize biomass in concentrated sulphuric acid, nitrogen was determined using Kjeldahl method in a Kjeltec II Plus apparatus. Sulphur was assessed after material mineralization in a concentrated nitric acid using the ICP—AES method in a JY 238 Ultrace apparatus. Fertilization with sewage sludge and sludge mixture with peat acted significantly better (as noted during the three-year experimental period) on maize yields than fertilization with mineral salts. In comparison with organic material and farmyard manure applied to soil, fertilization with mineral salts significantly increased nitrogen content in maize biomass. Sulphur content grew markedly in maize biomass fertilized with sewage sludge in comparison with the concentration of this element assessed in plants treated with farmyard manure. Values of the N:S ratio in aerial parts of maize from organic material treatments was within the optimal value range. The widest N:S ratio was assessed in the aerial parts and roots of maize receiving mineral fertilizers (NPK).

17

Effect of 25 years of differentiated fertilization with NPK and magnesium on growth and fruit yield of apple 'Cortland' and on the content of minerals in soil and leaves

72%

Pacholak E.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

|

2008

|

tom 16

201-214

18

Comparison of different winter wheat cultivars in respect to their copper fertilization requirements

72%

Korzeniowska J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2009

|

tom 541

|

nr 1

Celem badań było sprawdzenie czy nowe, polskie intensywne odmiany pszenicy ozimej różnią się istotnie potrzebami pokarmowymi w stosunku do miedzi. Pszenica ozima uważana jest za jeden z najbardziej wrażliwych gatunków na niedobory Cu. Nawożenie jej miedzią wydaje się być koniecznością ze względu na zaobserwowane w ostatnich latach w Polsce niedobory tego pierwiastka. W ramach badań w latach 2003, 2004 i 2006 przeprowadzono 3 ścisłe doświadczenia polowe w Jelczu-Laskowicach k. Wrocławia. Badano w nich reakcję 10 odmian pszenicy na nawożenie miedzią stosowaną w formie dolistnego oprysku. Wykazano, że pięć z dziesięciu badanych odmian reagowało istotnie na nawożenie Cu. Wyodrębniono 3 grupy odmian ze względu na ich reakcję na aplikację Cu: I grupa - istotna zwyżka (Kobra, Mewa, Sakwa, Pegassos, Zyta), II - brak reakcji (Korweta, Jawa, Soraja), III - istotna obniżka plonów (Symfonia i Kris). Zwraca uwagę fakt, że najwyższy wzrost plonów (22,8%) wykazała Kobra najniżej plonująca na obiekcie bez miedzi, a istotne obniżki wykazały Symfonia i Kris najwyżej plonujące bez Cu. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, że odmiany pszenicy ozimej różnią się istotnie potrzebami pokarmowymi w stosunku do Cu. Decyzję o nawożeniu pszenicy ozimej miedzią należy więc podejmować nie tylko w zależności od zasobności gleby w ten pierwiastek, ale również od wrażliwości uprawianej odmiany na niedobory Cu.

19

Possibility of using waste from the polyvinyl chloride production process for plant fertilization

72%

Jaskulski D., Jaskulska I.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2011

|

tom 20

|

nr 2

The aim of our research was to determine the potential of waste generated during the production of chlorine for the synthesis of polyvinyl chloride as plant fertilizer in agriculture. For the production of fertilizer sludge produced when cleaning the saline solution, 78 vol % waste sulphuric acid from the dehydration of chlorine and calcinated magnesite were used. The product contains minimum: MgO – 16%, CaO – 9%, SO₃ – 35%, and about 32% of water, mainly crystalline. The effect of the product on agrochemical properties of soil and crops was investigated in pot and field experiments. Soil fertilization with the product had a positive effect on the soil content of available magnesium and sulphate sulphur, their content in air-dry matter of plants and yields of spring rapeseed, and sugar beet roots.

20

VitroFosMaK glassy fertilizer in the fertilization of nursery-cultivated yew and ninebark

72%

Lis-Krzyscin A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2010

|

tom 09

|

nr 4

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of glassy fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer in container cultivation of Taxus × media and Physocarpus opulifolius in comparison with a common Osmocote Exact fertilizer used in nurseries. Glassy fertilizer granulated to Ø> 0.3 mm and Ø< 0.3 mm was applied in two doses: 3 and 6 g·dm-3. Macroelements, pH and EC were analysed for their content in the substrate. The total length of yew annual shoots was determined. Ninebark was measured for height and number of offshoots; it was also subject to quality classification. Osmocote Exact and coarsely-granulated glassy fertilizer showed systematic release of nutrients. The greatest length of annual shoots was marked on yews fertilized with Osmocote Exact and 3 g VitroFosMaK granulated to Ø< 0.3 mm per 1 dm3 of the substrate. Ninebarks fertilized with glassy fertilizer granulated to Ø< 0.3 mm in the dose of 6 g.dm-3 of the substrate showed the greatest number of offshoots. The most valuable commercial material was obtained when the plants were fertilized with 6 g VitroFosMaK.dm-3 of the substrate.

Ograniczanie wyników

Profitability of sugar beet foliar nutrition with silicon

The influence of liming and mineral fertilization on the utilization of nitrogen by spring barley

Changes in the content of sulphate sulphur and arylsulphatase activity in soil under potato caused by fertilization

The effect of magnesium fertilization on the macronutrient content of pepino dulce [Solanum muricatum Ait.] fruit

Using nitrogen and sulphur for the poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) nutrition

Influence of different potassium fertilization level on nutritional status of winter wheat and on yield during critical growth stage

The effect of the growing conditions on the growth and reproduction of tulip bulbs produced in vitro

The effect of calcium carbonate and top dressing with Peters Professional Special on the growth and flowering of Helleborus lividus Aiton

Effect of fertilization on content and uptake of chlorine by oilseed rape under pot experiment conditions

Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the nutritional status of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants and on substrate salinity

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer form and foliar application on the concentrations of twenty-five elements in carrot

Effect of fertilization on roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) yield and content of active compounds

Effect of mineral fertilization on yield of maize cultivars differing in maturity scale

Content of zinc in plants fertilized with municipal solid waste and urban green waste composts

Effect of fertilization on yield and quality of cultivar Kent strawberry fruit

Assessment of the influence of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and content of nitrogen and sulphur in maize [Zea mays L.]

Effect of 25 years of differentiated fertilization with NPK and magnesium on growth and fruit yield of apple 'Cortland' and on the content of minerals in soil and leaves

Comparison of different winter wheat cultivars in respect to their copper fertilization requirements

Possibility of using waste from the polyvinyl chloride production process for plant fertilization

VitroFosMaK glassy fertilizer in the fertilization of nursery-cultivated yew and ninebark