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Serological detection and variability of tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolates from Tanzania

100%

Kashina B. D., Mabagala R. B., Mpunami A. A.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

2007

tom 47

nr 4

367-373

Tomato farms in Arusha, Morogoro, Dodoma, Iringa, Kilimanjaro and Coast regions of Tanzania were surveyed to assess the incidence of the yellow leaf curl disease, and to collect infected tomato leaf samples for sero-diagnosis. The triple antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) format was adopted for the detection of disease using commercial polyclonal antiserum and monoclonal antibodies SCRI 17, SCRI 20, SCRI 23 and SCRI 33. ELISA readings were rated on a scale of 0-4. The results of the tests indicated that all the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TY- LCV) isolates recorded high reaction values (4) with the polyclonal antibody. However, the Dodoma and Arusha isolates were rated highest in optical density (OD) reading with MAb SCRI 20 and 23. The remaining isolates produced lower OD values. All the isolates rated low (2) when tested with SCRI 33. The differences in reaction to the monoclonal antibodies of TYLCV indicated that variability exists between the coat protein epitopes of TYLCV and Tomato yellow leaf curl Tanzania virus (TYL-CTZV) on one hand, and among the TYLCTZV isolates on the other. Only the isolates from Arusha and Dodoma share a high sequence homology in coat protein with the European and related TYLCV isolates. Furthermore, the reaction with either SCRI 20 or SCRI 23 show that the isolates from Arusha and Dodoma share a high degree of homology, and could belong to one serotype. The other isolates from Morogoro, Coast and Kilimanjaro could form another serotype, while the isolate from Iringa is a different serotype. On the other hand, reaction with SCRI 17 groups the isolates in two serotypes, the Dodoma isolate alone, and another that groups the other five isolates together. It is recommended that other procedures such as DNA-DNA hybridization assays, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphisms and sequencing can be combined with the use of monoclonal antisera for the detection and prediction or inference of Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) virus relationships at the quasi-species or strain levels in Tanzania.

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Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

80%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

2005

tom 12

nr 2

281-288

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin in the air during processing of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) by herb farmers, and to examine the species composition of airborne microflora. Air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by use of personal samplers on 13 farms owned by herb cultivating farmers, located in Lublin province (eastern Poland). The concentrations of total viable microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the farm air during processing of peppermint herb were large, within a range from 895.1-6,015.8 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 1,055.3 x 103 cfu/m3). During processing of chamomile herb they were much lower and varied within a range from 0.88-295.6 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 27.3 x 103 cfu/m3). Gram-negative bacteria distinctly prevailed during processing of peppermint leaves, forming 46.4-88.5% of the total airborne microflora. During processing of chamomile herb, Gram-negative bacteria were dominant at 3 out of 6 sampling sites forming 54.7-75.3% of total microflora, whereas at the remaining 3 sites the most common were fungi forming 46.2-99.9% of the total count. The species Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), having strong allergenic and endotoxic properties, distinctly prevailed among Gram-negative isolates. Among fungi, the most common species was Alternaria alternata. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin determined on the examined herb farms were large. The concentrations of airborne dust during peppermint and chamomile processing ranged from 86.7-958.9 mg/m3, and from 1.1-499.2 mg/m3, respectively (medians 552.3 mg/m3 and 12.3 mg/m3). The concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined during peppermint and chamomile processing were within a wide range 1.53-208.33 µg/m3 and 0.005-2604.19 µg/m3 respectively (medians 57.3 µg/m3 and 0.96 µg/m3). In conclusion, farmers cultivating peppermint are exposed during processing of this herb to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease. The exposure to bioaerosols during processing of chamomile is lower; nevertheless, peak values create a respiratory risk for exposed farmers.

Health effects of exposure to herb dust in valerian growing farmers

80%

Skorska C., Golec M., Mackiewicz B., Gora A., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

2005

tom 12

nr 2

247-252

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

1 Journal of Plant Protection Research

2 Dutkiewicz J.

2 Skorska C.

1 Cholewa G.

1 Golec M.

1 Gora A.

1 Kashina B. D.

1 Krysinska-Traczyk E.

1 Mabagala R. B.

1 Mackiewicz B.

1 Mpunami A. A.

1 Sitkowska J.

1 2007

2 2005

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Serological detection and variability of tomato yellow leaf curl virus isolates from Tanzania

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

Health effects of exposure to herb dust in valerian growing farmers