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1

Immunofluorescence of the microtubular cytoskeleton during sporocyte development in Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

100%

Bednara J., Gielwanowska I., Szczuka E., Tchorzewska D.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 1

2

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Comparative morphology and anatomy of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. cultivars

86%

Klimko M., Korszun S., Bykowska J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 4

The article presents the results of research on the morphology and anatomy of the leaves of 21 cultivars (including 10 Polish cultivars) and two clones of Ginkgo biloba. Leaves from long shoots were collected at the Department of Dendrology and Nursery, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland. A light microscope and scanning electron microscope were used for observations. Eight morphological traits were analysed in the leaves, including the lamina and petiole. The research revealed that there were significant differences between the leaves of individual cultivars and that they differed in the length, width of the lamina and the length of petioles to a much greater extent than publications had described it so far. There were significant differences between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis of all the taxa, i.e. in the cuticle ornamentation, in the protrusive secondary sculpture (absence of papillae), the position and presence of stomata (occasionally on the adaxial leaf surface), the absence of the peristomatal ring and the thickness of the epidermis. Anatomical investigations revealed that the leaves of Ginkgo cultivars and clones under study were bifacial and the multi-layered mesophyll was diversified into spongy and palisade parenchyma. The research findings may be used for the identification of Ginkgo biloba cultivars, and the epicuticular traits may be useful for the identification and classification of fragments of fossil leaves. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several new quantitative and qualitative characters of petiole and lamina which have not been published previously.

3

Structure of Kalanchoe pumila Bak. leaves (Crassulaceae DC.)

86%

Chernetskyy M., Weryszko-Chmielewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 2

The structure of Kalanchoё pumila Bak. was studied with the use of stereoscopic, light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the chlorenchymatic tissue was divided into subepidermal small-celled mesophyll and large-celled (water transporting, CAM type) mesophyll, placed in the central part of the leaf. The mesophyll structure and its cell ultrastructure indicate C3 photosynthesis in this taxon, whereas CAM photosynthesis, being an adaptive syndrome, is induced by external factors. Three groups of xeromorphic traits were observed in the structure of K. pumila leaves, related to: 1) storing water in the ground and epidermal tissues, 2) decreased transpiration (the closing of stomata during heat), 3) avoiding excess insolation of the mesophyll and overheating of the leaf (striated cuticula, anthocyan pigments, tannin storage). The last two groups of xeromorphic traits also include thickening of the outer walls of cuticular cells, a thick-layered cuticula, and the presence of epicuticular wax and calcium carbonate deposits. Microchannels which enhance transpiration effi ciency in developing K. pumila leaves were found in the vicinity of anticlinal walls in the outer walls of epidermal cells. Calcium deposits produced on the leaf surfaces protect them in extreme conditions. Adaptive traits in the structure of K. pumila leaves are conservative and they confi rm the relations between this taxon and the conditions in their native land.

4

Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of some neotropical Philodendron Schott (Araceae) species

86%

Klimko M., Wawrzynska M., Wiland-Szymanska J.

Steciana

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2014

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tom 18

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nr 3

A comparative morphological and anatomical study on the petioles and lamina of 22 taxa (species, subspecies and cultivars) of the genus Philodendron (subgenera Meconostigma, Pteromischum and Philodendron) has been made in order to investigate interspecific differences which may be useful in species identification. All species have bifacial leaves with petioles, amphistomatic with a strongly reduced density of stomata on the adaxial leaf surface. The species differ in the size and shape of their epidermal cells, the distribution and types of stomata and cuticle ornamentation in the lamina, thickness of epicuticular layer, presence or absence of hypodermis, structure of spongy mesophyll, thickness of palisade and spongy mesophyll layers, as well as types of raphides, and in the structure and forms of petioles. A combination of these characters may be useful in species identification. This study shows that there is some variation in petiole and leaf morphological and anatomical characters among the 22 taxa of Philodendron. However, many characters are present in all of them and may be typical of the genus. The study revealed several detailed interesting epidermal and anatomical features that have not previously been reported in the genus.

5

Characteristics of flower nectaries of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

86%

Konarska A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 3

The structure of floral nectaries of ivy (Hedera helix) was investigated under light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The nectar of ivy is located on top of the inferior ovary forming a distinct undulating disc between the base of petals and the style. The ivy nectary represents open and persistent nectaries. During consecutive days of anthesis, nectaries change their colour from green to brown. The secretory epidermis is covered with a thick, deeply striated cuticle, and nectar is released by nectarostomata. Epidermal cells exhibited plastids with plastoglobules and a few starch grains as well as vacuoles containing anthocyanins, the content of which increased during the successive days of anthesis and nectar secretion. Multi-layered glandular parenchyma and, underneath, subglandular tissue are located under the epidermis. The nectary was supplied by vascular bundles with phloem and xylem. Numerous chloroplasts were visible in the cytoplasm of the external layers of glandular parenchyma; they were either typical with small starch grains or untypical with circular arrangement of thylakoids. Amyloplasts containing storage starch grains and numerous small vacuoles were present in the cells of deeper layers of the nectar-bearing tissue. Druses, flocculent residue, myelin figures and spherical deposits of unknown origin were visible in the gland parenchyma vacuoles.

6

Comparative anatomy of ovules in Asteraceae

86%

Plachno B., Swiatek P., Kolczyk J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 1

7

Growth characteristics and needle structure in some interspecific hybrids of Abies cephalonica Loud

86%

Kormutak A., Galgoci M., Manka P., Bolecek P., Camek V., Vookova B., Gomory D.

Dendrobiology

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2015

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tom 73

The height growth dynamics of three interspecific crosses with Greek fir (Abies cephalonica Loud.) acting as mother and a control variant from self-pollination were followed throughout a period of 30 years. The hybrid combination A. cephalonica × A. nordmanniana exhibited enhanced growth relative to the selfed control at stage of 4-year old seedlings already, whereas the hybrid A. cephalonica × A. alba only at stage of 9-year old saplings. At age of 30, the heterotic growth persisted only in the latter, the hybrid A. cephalonica × A.nordmanniana was comparable in height growth parameters with a selfed control. The interspecific cross A. cephalonica × A. numidica was remarkable by its accelerated growth during early stages of the development. At age of 4 years it has surpassed in height growth both A. cephalonica × A. alba and control but has declined profoundly during subsequent stages of its development. A conspicuous feature of the hybrid needle anatomy were abundant resin canals and reduced size of some anatomical traits of its needles. In spite of variable growth potentials, all the three interspecific hybrids are recommended for planting in Slovakia, especially at densely polluted areas where domestic silver fir cannot withstand emission pressure.

8

Anatomical notes on Marsdenia erecta (Apocynaceae) wood: Is it secondarily woody?

86%

Yaman B., Tumen I.

Dendrobiology

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2012

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tom 67

This study deals with the wood of Marsdenia erecta R. Br., which is poorly known from a wood anatomical point of view. M. erecta, a woody-based perennial with numerous herbaceous sprawling stems, is distributed in the south and eastern parts of the Balkan Peninsula (incl. Crete)and Asia Minor to Afghanistan. The study aims at describing the wood anatomy of the species in detail based on IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification, and at determining whether it has paedomorphic wood anatomical features. In M. erecta wood, the typical decreasing age-on-length graphic for vessel elements and exclusively upright and square ray cells provide strong arguments for paedomorphosis and secondary woodiness. However, to make a precise decision, this result based on wood anatomy should be checked with molecular phylogenetic data of the species investigated.

9

Evaluation of fruit anatomy, accumulation and detection of polyphenols in black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) from NW Slovakia

86%

Juríkova T., Durisova L., Elias P., Micek J., Sochor J., Ondrasova M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2019

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tom 61

|

nr 2

10

Structural and genetic aspects of ovule and seed coat development in Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh. [Brassicaceae]

86%

Karcz J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 1

11

Leaf anatomy and hairs of Turkish Satureja L. [Lamiaceae]

72%

Satil F., Kaya A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2007

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tom 49

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nr 1

67-76

There are some taxonomic uncertainties within the Turkish members of Satureja. It is extremely difficult to distinguish some Satureja species because of their great morphological similarity. Satureja species are used as herbal teas and spices, and for this reason they are important commercial and medicinal plants. In this study, the leaf anatomy and hair features of species were examined by LM and SEM. The investigated species can be divided into two main groups, as bifacial and equifacial leaves according to mesophyll structure. They can be secondarily divided into two types based on the midrib region in cross section, as projecting or nonprojecting. Thirdly, two main vascular bundle types can be identified in transverse section according to the presence or absence of sclerenchyma. All species have glandular, peltate and capitate, and nonglandular hairs and diacytic stomata, but the covering hairs differ between species. The leaves of fifteen Satureja L. species were studied in order to assess anatomical variations that may serve as distinguishing characters, and to evaluate their significance for the taxonomy of the genus.

12

Structure of the cuniculus nectary in Brassavola flagellaris Barb. Rodr. (Laeliinae Benth., Orchidaceae)

72%

Stpiczynska M., Davies K. L., Kaminska M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

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tom 63

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nr 1

To date, the structure of the cuniculus nectary has not been studied in detail. Furthermore, the secretory mechanism of such nectaries has not been investigated. The present paper describes, for the first time, the structural organization and ultrastructure of the cuniculus nectary in the moth-pollinated orchid Brassavola flagellaris Barb. Rodr. This tubular structure is situated between the perianth tube and ovary and, in its possession of thick, cellulose cell walls, resembles the nectary of ornithophilous taxa. The presence of large secretory vesicles that fuse with the plasmalemma indicate that granulocrine nectar secretion occurs in this species. The lumen of the cuniculus is lined with unicellular hairs. However, the cuticle overlying the whole epidermal surface lining the lumen (both glabrous and pubescent regions) was coated with nectar residues and became distended and cracked, indicating that this entire tissue is probably involved in nectar secretion.

13

Anatomia nektarnikow kwiatowych dziewieciu gatunkow z podrodziny Pomoidae [Rosaceae]

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Konarska A.

Acta Agrobotanica

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1996

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tom 49

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nr 1-2

95-105

The nectaries anatomical features of nine species of Pomoideae subfamily Aronia melanocarpa Ell., Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne, C. praecox Vilm.-Andr., C. lucida Schlecht., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., C. coccinea L., C. crus-galli L., Sorbus aucuparia L., Sorbus intermedia Pers. were compared. The flower longitudinal sections by means of vibratome and semithin slides by use of ultramicrotome were made. The thickness of nectary epidermis, glandular layer and the structure of subglandular layer as well as the run of vascular bundles were studied. It was stated that the height of epidermis cells and the thickness of their wall were approximate in the most investigated taxons. Stomata occurred in the nectaries of all species. They were located on a level with the epidermis cells in Aronia and Sorbus genera, in small hollows in Cotoneaster and considerably below the level of epidermis cells in Crataegus. The thickness of glandular layer was approximate for each genera. Sorbus intermedia and the species of Crataegus genus wer distinguishable by the thickest nectaries. The concentration of brachysclereids occurred in subglandular tissue of Crataegus crus-galli and of Sorbus both species. Vascular bundles, stocking the nectary, mostly consisted of phloem and xylem, but in Aronia, Cotoneaster praecox and C. lucida only phloem was noticed. The dependence between thickness of glandular layer, studied anatomical features and the volume of secreted nectar is discussed.

14

Photosynthetic ecophysiology of evergreen leaves in the woody angiosperms - a review

72%

Wyka T. P., Oleksyn J.

Dendrobiology

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2014

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tom 72

Evergreen plants are an important component of many ecosystems of the world and occur in numerous evolutionary lineages. In this article we review phenotypic traits of evergreen woody angiosperms occurring in habitats that regularly experience frost. Leaf anatomical traits such as sclerenchymatic tissues or prominent cuticles ensure mechanical strength while often enhancing tolerance of water deficit. The low ratio of photosynthetic to nonphotosynthetic tissues as well as modified cell wall structure and nitrogen allocation patterns in evergreen leaves result in lower mass-based photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in comparison with deciduous leaves. Their photosynthetic apparatus is adapted for the survival of frost in a down-regulated state with potential for photosynthetic activity in winter during periods of permissive temperatures. Leaf structure interacts with the mechanisms of frost survival. Stem xylem in evergreen plants tends to contain smaller diameter conduits incurring greater resistance to freeze/ thaw induced cavitation than in deciduous plants, although at the cost of reduced hydraulic efficiency. In contrast, no such differences in hydraulic conductivity have been documented at the leaf level. There is evidence for reduced structural plasticity of evergreen leaves in response to variability in irradiance, however photosynthetic downregulation occurs in mature leaves in response to self shading. Some evergreen species exhibit slow leaf development and “delayed greening”, while in many species aging is also a very protracted process. Finally, evergreen leaves may participate in carbohydrate and, less obviously, in nitrogen storage for the support of spring shoot and foliage growth, although the importance of this function is under debate. In conclusion, the evergreen leaf habit is correlated with numerous structural and functional traits at the leaf and also at the stem level. These correlations may generate trade-offs that shape the ecological strategies of evergreen plants.

15

The location of nectaries and nectar secretion in the flowers of Allium giganteum Regel

72%

Zuraw B., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Laskowska H., Pogroszewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

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tom 63

|

nr 2

In the flowers of Allium there are found septal nectaries; in particular species, their outlet can be located in different parts of the ovary. The inflorescences of these plants are a rich source of nectar for insects. The location and structure of septal nectaries in the flowers of Allium giganteum Regel were investigated. Light and scanning electron microscopy was used. The septal nectaries were found to be located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted into the nectary slits from which it flows through the ducts to three openings located in the upper part of the gynophore, from whence it gets outside in the vicinity of the expanded parts of the filaments. Sugar concentration in the nectar of A. giganteum averaged 54.5%, while sugar weight per flower was determined to be 0.36 mg. When converted into sugar weight per inflorescence, numbering more than 2,000 flowers, it was 771.7 mg.

16

Flower structures and flowering biology in Tinantia anomala (Torr.) CB Clark

72%

Winiarczyk K., Gebura J., Stolarz M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2014

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tom 56

|

nr 1

17

The structure of septal nectaries and nectar presentation in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

72%

Zuraw B., Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Laskowska H., Pogroszewska E.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2009

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tom 62

|

nr 2

The location and structure of the septal nectaries in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch. were studied. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for examination. It has been shown that the septal nectaries are located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted through the single-layered epidermis surrounding three nectary slits and nectar release occurs through three openings located at the base of the gynophore, which are the outlets of the ducts connected to the nectary slits. The expanded and fused bases of the stamen filaments and the tepals participate in secondary nectar presentation. In the flowers of Allium aflatunense, numerous purple elements: tepals, filaments, style and pedicle, perform the role of a colour attractant. On the intensely green ovary, there occur glistening conical outgrowths of epidermal cells, which may also function as signal attractants.

18

Ecological adaptations of the floral structures of Galanthus nivalis L.

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Chwil M.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

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tom 63

|

nr 2

The structure of the flowers of Galanthus nivalis shows adaptations to early spring flowering conditions as well as adaptations to entomogamy. The tepals produce colour marks and odorous substances. The aim of the present study was to determine the micromorphology and anatomy of tepals, in particular in the regions comprising colour marks which, in accordance with the literature data, emit essential oils. Examination was performed using light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. Large protrusions, corresponding to the location of the green stripes, were found to occur on the adaxial surface of the inner tepals. The epidermal cells in this part of the tepals produce a cuticle with characteristic ornamentation as well as numerous stomata with well-developed outer cuticular ledges. The wide opening of many stomata is evidence of high activity in this area. The fluorescence microscopy images confirm the high activity of the epidermis (scent emission), on both sides of the tepals, as well as of the chloroplast- containing mesophyll. In the abaxial epidermis, there were observed different-sized papillae that also participated in essential oil secretion. The polarization of the epidermal cell protoplasts, large cell nuclei, and the presence of large vacuoles with heterogeneous contents in the peripheral part of the cells correspond to the structural features of the tissues emitting odorous compounds in flowers – osmophores. In freshly opened flowers, the mesophyll of the central part of the perianth segments was composed of several cell layers, whereas in older flowers large air ducts formed, which are adaptations to environmental thermal conditions.

19

Micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) cultivars from Poland

72%

Klimko M.

Steciana

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2016

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tom 20

|

nr 2

The article presents results of research on the micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba cultivars. Mature leaves from generative shoots were collected in the Cytadela Park in Poznań and from trees planted along streets in different towns in the Wielkopolska region. A light microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used for observations. There were significant differences between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The idioblasts are found on the adaxial surface and stomata on the abaxial surface. Stomata can be classified into two types small and large. Several types of trichomes were recognized on the leaves: straight or hooked, unicellular, glandular capitate, spherical to elliptic stalked. Anatomical investigations revealed that leaves of M. alba cultivars were bifacial and the multi-layered mesophyll was diversified into palisade parenchyma and spongy palisade-like parenchyma. The research findings may be used for the identification of M. alba cultivars, while the epicuticular traits may be useful for the identification and classification of fragments of fossil leaves. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several new quantitative and qualitative characters of the petiole and lamina, which have not been published previously and are described for the first time from Poland.

20

Leaf architecture, lignification, and tensile strength during vegetative phase change in Zea mays

72%

Balsamo R. A., Orkwiszewski J. A. J.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2008

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tom 77

|

nr 3

181-188

Background and Aims: Leaf morphology, anatomy, degree of lignification, and tensile strength were studied during vegetative phase change in an inbred line of Zea mays (OH43 x W23) to determine factors that influence mechanical properties during development. Methods: Tensometer, light microscopy, histochemistry. Key results: Mature leaf length increased linearly with plant development, peaked at leaves 7 and 8 (corresponding to the onset of the adult phase) and then declined. Leaf width was stable for leaves 1 through 3, increased to leaf 7, remained stable to leaf 10, and then declined through leaf 13. Lamina thickness was highest for leaf 1 and decreased throughout development. Leaf failure load to width ratio and failure load to thickness ratio increased with development suggesting that changes in leaf morphology during development do not entirely account for increases in failure load. Histochemical analyses revealed that leaf tensile strength correlates with percent lignification and the onset of anatomical adult features at various developmental stages. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that in Zea mays lignification of the midrib parenchyma and epidermis may be directly correlated with increased tensile strength associated with phase change from juvenility to adulthood. Failure load and resultant tensile strength values are primarily determined by the percent tissue lignification and the appearance of leaf architectural characters that are associated with the transition from the juvenile to the adult phase. Increased mechanical stability that occurs during the phase transition from juvenility to adulthood may signify a fundamental change in strategy for an individual plant from rapid growth (survival) to reproduction.

Ograniczanie wyników

Immunofluorescence of the microtubular cytoskeleton during sporocyte development in Ophioglossum vulgatum L.

Comparative morphology and anatomy of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. cultivars

Structure of Kalanchoe pumila Bak. leaves (Crassulaceae DC.)

Comparative leaf morphology and anatomy of some neotropical Philodendron Schott (Araceae) species

Characteristics of flower nectaries of Hedera helix L. (Araliaceae)

Comparative anatomy of ovules in Asteraceae

Growth characteristics and needle structure in some interspecific hybrids of Abies cephalonica Loud

Anatomical notes on Marsdenia erecta (Apocynaceae) wood: Is it secondarily woody?

Evaluation of fruit anatomy, accumulation and detection of polyphenols in black crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) from NW Slovakia

Structural and genetic aspects of ovule and seed coat development in Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh. [Brassicaceae]

Leaf anatomy and hairs of Turkish Satureja L. [Lamiaceae]