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The study was conducted based on data from lake management books. Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), was present at various time intervals in 619 lakes in northeastern Poland that covered a total area of 116.2 thousand ha. Based on the frequency of occurrence of this fish species in commercial catches, three categories of habitats were distinguished. The morphologic and morphometric parameters of these three categories of lakes were compared. For each category, the dynamics of temporal changes was characterized in the lakes in which pikeperch lived, and the trend lines of these changes were plotted. An increase in the number of habitats of this predatory fish species appeared in 1951-1965 and was directly connected with its natural migration. The range of fish stocking measures and the time when they began were determined for the three categories of lakes analyzed.
A total of 150 pikeperch individuals caught in 1998 in the Pomeranian Bay were examined. The fish were picked out from 4 samples: 3 were obtained in March and 1 in April 1998. The standard methods of length and weight growth rate determination were used. When determining fish age, the verge coefficient was factored in (if Kr > 0.50, 1 was added to the scale annual ring count).
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fish size (BW 11.7 g in the PS group, and 28.1 g in the PL group), feeding (SDA effect), and starvation (4, 13, 19 or 26 days in the PS-S group, and 4 or 13 days in the PL-S group) on oxygen consumption (OC, mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹), and ammonia excretion (AE, mg TAN kg⁻¹ h⁻¹) of the juvenile pike-perch Stizostedion lucioperca (L.) reared in water recirculation systems. The fish were fed high-protein commercial trout pellets for 18 h d⁻¹ at daily rates of 2.5% (PS) or 1.2% (PL) of stock biomass. The average OC and AE values of the fed pike-perch from the PS group were equal to 355.70 mg O₂ kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and 21.21 mg TAN kg⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively, and were 35% (OC) and 62% (AE) higher than in the PL group (P<0.05). The metabolic rate of the starved fish was also inversely related to fish size and showed significant differences (P < 0.05). The energetic value of SDA was 62.8 kJ kg fish d (7.3% offeed digestible energycontent) in the PS group, and 31.6 kJ kg fish d (5.2% of digestible energy) in the PL group. The starvation period of four days was too short for OC and AE stabilization. The values of both parameters stabilized in the second and third week of starvation.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect sorting had on the effectiveness of rearing juvenile pikeperch in recirculation systems. The fish were reared in three groups - small specimens (group S - average body weight (BW) 28.5 g), large specimens (group L - BW 49.6 g), and unsorted specimens (group U - BW 38.8 g). After eight weeks of rearing, the average specific growth rate (SGR) for fish from group S was significantly higher than for those from the groups U and L (P < 0.05). A similar pattern was found for the feed conversion ratio (FCR), percentage of stock biomass gain and survival rate. However, there were no statistically significant intergroup differences between values of the rearing factors obtained in group U and in the combined sorted groups (S + L) (P > 0.05). Thus, it appears that the sorting of juvenile pikeperch does not improve the rearing effectiveness for this species.
The aim of this study was to describe the development of the swim bladder of pikeperch Sander lucioperca (L.) under conditions of intensive culture and to determine when the pneumatic duct regresses. The development of the swim bladder was observed over a 30-day period of larvae culture in a recirculation system. The swim bladder and the pneumatic duct were clearly visible in histological cross sections of 4-day-old larvae. On day 6 after hatching significant changes occurred in the microscopic structure of the swim bladder, e.g. the gas gland and oval primordia appeared. The pneumatic duct gradually atrophied in the larvae with inflated swim bladders between days 11 and 13, while it remained open until day 24-26 after hatching in fish with noninflated swim bladders. The swim bladders of the latter group were irregular in shape and hyperplasia of the epithelium and connective tissues and the presence of macrophags were noted. Pikeperch larvae with noninflated swim bladders also suffered from lordosis and slower growth rates.
The aim of this study was to determine the growth rates of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), and pike, Esox lucius L., from the Tresna Reservoir. Back-calculations were used to determine fish age. Histological pictures were used to determine the spawning success of the two species compared. The study material was comprised of 18 pikeperch females and 13 males, and 20 pike females and 12 males. The growth rate of pikeperch from the Tresna Reservoir was higher in comparison to populations inhabiting other basins in Poland. The histological analyses of the gonads indicated that pikeperch spawned successfully in the reservoir. The growth rate of the pike in the reservoir was comparable to that of this species in other basins. However, the histological picture of the ovaries indicated that spawning was only partially successful since 25% of females did not spawn and their eggs were in a state of resorption.
The aim of the experiment was to identify the possibilities of stimulating pikeperch spawning with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and Ovopel, a mammalian GnRH analogue (D-Ala⁶ Pro⁹ NEt-mGnRH) with a dopamine inhibitor (metoclopramide). Pikeperch spawners were caught with trap gear (fyke-nets) during the pre-spawning season from the Tałty and Tałtowisko lakes (Masurian Lakeland, northern Poland). After transport that lasted an hour, the fish were placed in tanks in a recirculating system and then segregated by sex. The females were divided into five experimental groups, each containing six specimens. The fish were injected twice at 24 hour intervals with hCG (group I - 200 and 200IU kg⁻¹ body weight (BW); group II - 200 and 500IU kg⁻¹ BW), Ovopel (group III - 0.25 and 0.50 pellets kg⁻¹ BW; group IV - 0.25 and 1.0 pellets kg⁻¹ BW) or 0.7% NaCl solution (group V, control - 0.2 and 0.5 cm³ kg⁻¹ BW). The effects of the hormonal stimulation expressed as the percentage of ovulating females, the degree of spawning synchronicity, and survival of the embryos to the eyed-egg stage were highly differentiated. The highest percentages of spent fish were obtained in the group stimulated with hCG - 83.3% (group I) and 100% (group II) of the females ovulated. The development of the oocytes in this group was rapid and synchronous, which was reflected in the shortened and relatively similar latency period (47 - 57 hours following the first injection; mean ≈ 51 hours) in individual females. No impact was noted with regard to hCG dose (400 vs. 700 IU kg⁻¹ BW) on the latency time or on egg quality. Ovopel did not positively affect either oocyte maturation or pikeperch ovulation. None of the fish from group III ovulated, and in group IV, as in the control group, eggs were obtained only from three (50%) females. In contrast to group V, the eggs of females stimulated with Ovopel were of low biological quality and survival to the eyed-egg stage ranged from 0 to 8%. Higher mortality among the females was also noted, especially in group III. The experiment indicated that hormonal stimulation with hCG is effective, while that with Ovopel was surprisingly ineffective.
The pike-perch (Sander lucioperca L.) at the age of 18 days were fed for 21 days using three different diets: Agio Norse (An), casein-gelatin (Cas), cod meal with gelatin (Mac) and nauplius Artemia salina (Art - control diet). On the last day of the experiment, fish fed Art and An diets had the statistically significant highest body mass, length, and survival. On the last day, the highest aminopeptidase activity in the anterior intestine and posterior intestine was registered in fish fed nauplius Artemia salina. The lowest activity of this enzyme in the anterior intestine was to be found in fish fed with Cas diet, while there was no difference between among groups in the posterior intestine. The non-specific esterase activity was registered in the stomach, liver, anterior intestine as well as in the posterior intestine. The lowest activity of this enzyme in the stomach was observed in the pike-perch fed with the Cas diet. In the anterior intestine, the highest activity was registered in fish fed with Art, and the lowest - on the Cas and Mac diet. The results of the current research prove that feeding the pike-perch An diet has a positive effect of the survival of the pike-perch, their growth rate and the activity of the enzymes. By contrast, feeding pike-perch Cas and Mac diets did not satisfy nutritional needs of fish, resulting in their low survival, growth rate and low activity of the enzymes examined.
This paper presents the results of studies of the levels of heavy metals, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the gonads of pikeperch females from the Szczecin, Vistula and Curonian lagoons. This study determined that the levels of heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd and those of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls occur in pikeperch gonads in different quantities depending on the region studied. The highest level of zinc was recorded in pikeperch gonads from the Szczecin Lagoon, and the highest levels of copper were noted in those from the Vistula Lagoon. The highest levels of S HCH occurred in the gonads of Vistula Szczecin pikeperch.
Of the 400 pike-perches examined, 12% were infected with L3 Anisakis simplex. The infected fish were over 45 cm long. The hypothesis submitted was that the pike-perches may constitute the source of infection in accidental hosts, i.e. in man.
Growth rate of zander (European pikeperch) was studied in the waters of Międzyodrze-the wetland area situated in the lower course of the River Odra, Poland. The fish, 546 individuals, were caught with fyke-net. Of the total number, 544 zander were aged and 379 were studied for growth rate using back calculations. Edge coefficient, Kr, was used to verify age determination. The linear growth rate of zander was similar to this characteristic of the fish living in adjacent waters in the corresponding period of time, however, clear differences were observed when compared to previous studies in the region, carried out 10 and 20 years before.
The study was completed on the basis of the results of commercial fish catches from lakes in Northeastern Poland. The number and status of the pikeperch lake habitats were determined in 14 river basins in this part of Poland, as recorded in 1951-1994. The river basins differed in the potential of the lakes inhabited by this predatory fish. The highest percentage of such lakes relative to all lakes larger than 10 ha was found in the river basins of the Liwa, Pasłęka and Osa. The status and distribution of pikeperch habitats were established at the beginning and in the final years of the time period analyzed. The total increase in the number of lakes settled by pikeperch was 209, with the aggregate area of pikeperch habitats rising by 41 365 ha. The dispersion of pikeperch was not connected directly with the fish stocking carried out during that time. In the Ełk and Pisa river basins, over 90% of new pikeperch habitats appeared owing to natural migration of this fish species.
This paper presents the results of studies on the content of organochlorine pesticides and poly- chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in muscle tissue of pikeperch caught in some lakes (Wadąg, Długie, Jeziorak) of Varmia and Mazuria, North-East Poland. Levels of DDT, DDD, DDE, y-HCH and PCBs were determined with gas chromatography. The results revealed relatively low content of these substances in pikeperch meat, although their levels differed depending on the place where the fish were caught. Average level of I DDT and PCBs residues was the highest in the muscles of fish caught in Długie Lake, amounting respectively to 1448 (μg/kg and 700 μg/kg of the extracted fat. The highest average concentration of y-HCH (83 (μg/kg of fat) was observed in pikeperch caught in Jeziorak Lake.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of stock density on the growth, survival and cannibalism of pikeperch fingerlings held under controlled conditions in a water recirculation system and fed an artificial diet. The mean body weight of the fish at the start of the experiment was 0.65 ± 0.11 g and the total length was 4.54 ± 0.28 cm. The fish were divided into three experimental groups with the following stock densities: group A - 0.99g l⁻¹ ; groupB - 1.65g l⁻¹ ; group C - 2.31 g l⁻¹ . The rearing period was 42 days long and was divided into the adaptation and rearing proper periods. The results obtained from the experiment revealed that the initial density of pikeperch summer fry, which ranged from 0.99 to 2.31 g l⁻¹, had no effect on the final outcome of the rearing, i.e. neither on growth nor survival (ANOVA, P > 0.05). The final mean body weights for groups A, B and C were 9.43, 9.25 and 8.62 g, respectively, while total losses were 52.5, 56.1 and 56.1%, respectively. The high fingerling mortality during the adaptation period, i.e. from first to the fourteenth rearing day (group A - 40.8%, group B - 50.6%, group C - 44.1%), determined the effectiveness of rearing.
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