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The aim of the project was to observe the influence of a high dose of BioPlus 2B on selected parameters and mean weight gain of suckling piglets. The body weight of piglets was controlled and blood samples were taken on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 of the experiment. The red blood cells (RBC) increased gradually in both groups and at the end of the experiment, the number of erythrocytes in the experimental group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The level of urea in the control piglets began increasing from the fourth week of life. At the fifth, sampling the urea level in the control group was considerably higher and the difference between groups was significant (P < 0.05). By the week five the mean weight gains differed significantly between the groups (P < 0.05). The final mean weight of experimental piglets was 10.6 kg and the control piglets 9.9 kg.
The aim of the paper was to evaluate the effect of the birth body weight of the piglets on their productivity and survivability up to the age of 10 weeks. The observations covered the piglets born by 11 sows F1 of Polish Large White × Polish Landrace, inseminated by the semen of the boras (Duroc × Pietrain). The piglets were weighed on 1st, 21st, 35th and 70th day of life and the feed intake (per litter) was controlled. Depending on their birth body weight, the piglets were classifi ed into two groups: light (L) <1.5 kg (n = 52), heavy (H) ≥1.5 kg (n = 60). The mean general body weight of the piglets on 1st, 21st, 35th and 70th day was equal to 1.45, 5.09, 7.70 and 14.18 kg, respectively. In the groups, it was as follows: L – 1.17, 4.58, 6.91 and 13.00 kg; H – 1.70, 5.51, 8.29 and 15.12 kg, respectively (L–H, P ≤ 0.001). The deaths of the piglets in groups L and H amounted to 15.4 and 6.7%, respectively. In the situation of a free access of the progeny to mother’s feed and solid feedstuff, the obtained results indicate that the worse productivity, as expressed by lower feed conversion (by 10.5–16%), slower growth rate (by 12–20%) and lowered survivability (by 8.7 percentage points) of the piglets from groups L vs. group H, were the effect of considerably lower body weight of the newborn piglets as compared to their mean body weight
The analysis of the lower jaws of 265 wild boars, including 143 piglets and 122 yearlings, harvested in Zielonka Game Investigation Centre showed that farrowing took place most often in March (43.3%), February (23.8%), April (17.5%) and January (11.2%). Piglets were also born in May, June and July. The percentages for yearlings were a little different.
One of the possibilities for estimating pancreas activity is the estimation of zymogene granule content in pancreatic follicular cells. In the present study, the degree of pancreatic activity wasmeasured in piglets from sows receiving enzymatic stimulating complex throughout pregnancy and during the lactation period. The pancreas was collected for ultrastructural examination from 1-day-old and 21-day-old piglets. The enzyme preparation influenced the ultrastructural structure of the piglet pancreas, but the secretory cells in these animals did not confirm a more intensive course of creation and maturation processes. The accumulation of granules in extra-secretory pancreatic cells was observed, with a large volume of these granules and granular crinophagy observed in older piglets. The findings indicate a slow process of granule release, which may be the result of overproduction, lower requirements for enzymes contained in the granules, or both.
Effect of birth weight of piglets on growth rate and rearing performance up to 8 weeks of age. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of the birth weight of piglets on their rearing results up to 56 days of age, as expressed by growth rate and survival. Observations were made on 277 crossbred piglets from 22 litters of F1 sows (Polish Landrace ´Polish Large White) derived from crossbred boars (Duroc ´Pietrain), which were kept and fed the same way. Piglets were reared with mothers for 5 weeks and observed for 8 weeks. At 1, 7, 21 and 56 day of age, piglets were individually weighed. The body weight on day 1 of age served as a basis for dividing the piglets into groups I, II, III and IV (≤1.2; 1.21-1.39; 1.40-1.59; and ≥1.60 kg body weight, respectively). Coefficients of correlation were estimated between body weight on day 1 of age and at 7, 21 and 56 days of age, and daily gains. The mean body weight of the piglets on days 7, 21 and 56 differed between groups I, II, III and IV (P ≤0.01) and depended on the birth weight (r=+0.773, r=+0.567, r=+0.504). In the subsequent rearing periods, daily gains in groups I-IV increased and the differences between the groups showed similar relationships. Differences between groups II and III were small (P>0.05), and those between groups I and IV considerable and highly significant. With the increasing mean body weight at birth, piglet survival increased and was higher in group IV vs I by 13.64 percentage points. The birth weight ≥ 1.60 kg ensured the best growth rate and survival of the piglets.
Two experiments were conducted to determine optimal standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan:lysine ratio for piglets using growth performance and plasma urea N as response criteria. In Experiment 1, piglets were fed 6 diets with 8.5, 9.5, 10.5, 11.5, 12.5 or 13.5 g · kg–1 SID lysine to estimate lysine requirement. In Experiment 2, piglets were fed 6 diets with 9.2 g · kg–1 SID lysine, and 0.178, 0.182, 0.196, 0.216, 0.227 or 0.236 SID trytophan:lysine to estimate optimal tryptophan:lysine ratio. The SID lysine requirement was estimated to be 10.2 g · kg–1. Response criteria measured were unaffected by SID tryptophan:lysine ratio, implying that the diets fed were not deficient in tryptophan. In conclusion, the SID lysine requirement for the piglets was close to the recommendation by NRC (1998; 10.1 g · kg–1), but not NRC (2012; 12.3 g · kg–1). The optimal SID tryptophan:lysine ratio of the piglets was either equal to or less than 0.178.
Immunogenic effects of the oral inactivated E.coli vaccine given to 3-4-week-old piglets were studied. The vaccine consisting of E.coli strain 0149:K91, expressing the fimbrial colonization antigen F4ac supplemented with a toxoid (CTB) and CT was administered in two or three doses, respectively. The local gut antibody responses in fecal samples and in the intestinal mucosa were tested by ELISA. It was shown that the vaccine was both safe and immunogenic and induced strong antibody responses to the LPS, F4ac, and CTB protective antigens. The specific immunoglobulins were mainly of the IgA isotype and the highest ELISA titers were found on day 21 after immunization. The oral ETEC developed vaccine seems to be a good candidate for the specific protection of weaned piglets against E. coli diarrhea.
Protection of weaned piglets against E.coli diarrhea depends on specific antibacterial and/or antitoxic antibodies induced by oral immunization. A formalin-inactivated vaccine, consisting of E.coli strain O149:K91 expressing the F4ac fimbrial antigen and B subunit of CT was orally administered to 3 - 4-week-old pigs. The serum anti-LPS, anti-F4ac, and anti-CTB antibodies were tested by ELISA. It was shown that the vaccine given either in two or three doses induced a strong antibody response. The highest antibody titers against all protective antigens were found on day 21 after immunization and the specific immunoglobulins were mainly of the lgG and lgA isotypes.
The investigation was carried out on 51 piglets. 11 piglets were used as control animals. The remaining 40 piglets were given (daily, starting from the third day of life) 2 ml of 18-hour Lactobacillus strain culture containing 1 x 108 bacteria isolated from the pig( alimentary tract. Clinical, haematological and biochemical examinations were performed on all animals at the age of 2, 6, 15 and 21 days. One piglet from each of the control and experimental groups and from each respective age group was subjected to euthanasia in order to collect duodenum and jejunum samples to determine the number of colonizing Lactobacillus strains. A decrease in the haemoglobin level, an insignificant fall in the urea level and an insignificant degree of compensated metabolic acidosis were found in the piglets examined. The investigation revealed that an administration of Lactobacillus strains to piglets has a positive influence on the functioning of the alimentary tract, causing no disturbances in the homeostasis of the organism. Compensated metabolic acidosis of an insignificant degree did not have any significant impact on the state of health of the animals under study.
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