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The aim of the present paper was to determine the level of resistance of Lactobacillus bacteria isolated from sauerkraut and pickled cucumbers to antibiotics. Lactic fermentation bacteria were isolated on MRS, according to the methodology elaborated by Rogos. Tests API 50 CH (produced by the company bioMerieux) were applied for identification. Resistance to antibiotics was determined employing the diffusion method. It was found that the resistance of Lactobacillus rods isolated from pickled products to antibiotics depended on the strain species and source of its origin. All strains of Lactobacillus planiarum and Lactobacillus brevis were resistant to nalidixic acid, 41.3% of strains turned out to be resistant to kanamycin, while only 3.4% to neomycin. As concerns polypeptide antibiotics, 27.5% of the strains tested were resistant to Colistin. All strains of lactic fermentation bacteria isolated from pickled vegetables were sensitive to ß-lactam antibiotics, riphamycins, furan derivatives and chloramphenicol.
In the world of plants frost is a particularly dangerous phenomenon. Destructive effect of frost on plants is both direct and secondary. The amount of damage done by frost depends on its intensity, frequency, a season of its occurrence and a plant species. The aim of the work was to find spatial and temporal distribution of ground frost in Poland and to determine effect of minimum air temperature at the ground level on the dates of phenological phases and harvesting and duration of development stages and also on the quantity of cucumber yield of pickling cultivars at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Source materials used in the present study were collected from 28 experimental stations of COBORU and from 51 meteorological stations of IMGW in the years 1966–2005. Ground frost was characterised, e.g., by means of average dates of last spring and first autumn frost, duration of the period without frost and also intensity and frequency of its occurrence and a linear trend. Effect of minimum air temperature at the ground level on the growth, development and crop productivity of cucumber was determined with the use of linear and curvilinear regression analysis and the linear trend of occurrence of last spring and first autumn frost and duration of the period without frost with the use of linear regression analysis. Ground frost poses high potential risk for field cultivation of cucumber in Poland not only because of the fact that it significantly determines the rate of growth, development and yield quantity of the plant but also because of its high spatial and temporal variability; the highest cultivation risk occurs in north-eastern Poland where significant shortening, year by year, of the period without frost was proved and where the highest frequency of frost occurrence both at the beginning and at the end of the cucumber growing season is recorded.
In years 1998-1999 effects of fungicides (azoxystrobin and copper hydroxide), insecticides (etafenproks and pirimicarb) and their mixtures on chemica1 composition and organ01eptic quality of fresh, fermented and pickled cucumbers were studied. To analyses fruits were taken after 7 and 12 days from treatment. Presh cucumber fruits after 7 days from treatment with investigated pesticides contained less carbohydrates and ascorbic acids and higher level 01' nitrates in compare to untreated fruits (control). After 12 days from treatment the differences between treated and untreated fruits dissapeared. Cucumber fruits harvested 7 and 12 days after treatment were processed separately. Quality evaluation 01' fermented and pick1ed cucumbers was carried out 4 months after processing. In most of cucumber fruits (7 days after treatment with pesticides) treated with pesticides empty cavities were found, and not in control (untreated). Number 01' cavities was highest in fresh and pickled cucumbers treated with mixture 01' fungicide and insecticide. In case of fermented cucumbers highest number of empty cavities occurred in fruits treated with fungicide azoxystrobin. Cucumber fruits taken to fermentation process 7 days after day of treatment had darker green colour lowered hardness, and larger empty cavities than untreated fruits. In fruits harvested 12 days after pesticides application such differencess were not observed.
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