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This paper describes analysis of free and total (also liberated by hydrolysis) ellagic acid (EA) content in in vitro cultured Rubus chamaemorus and in leaves of intact plants as a con­trol. The content of EA was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis revealed that the content of free EA in the shoot cultures was only 2.6 X less than in intact leaves and that callus tissue is also able to synthetize small amounts of EA.
A method of in vitro clonal propagation of cowslip Primula veris L. (Primulaceae) is reported. This is a species of medicinal importance, protected by law in Poland. MS medium Murashige and Skoog (1962) with 6 benzyladenine BA (4.44 µM) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-D (1.13 µM) was found to be optimal for in vitro cowslip propagation from shoot tips under the conditions of culture. Rooting was best in the presence of indole-3-butyric acid IBA (2.45 µM). In vitro seedlings were transferred to pots and then acclimated. After transplanting to a garden they showed further growth and development, including flowering and fruiting. Phytochemical analysis (2D-TLC) revealed that the flavonoid compounds in leafy shoots from in vitro culture were similar to those in leaves from field cultivation.
The paper presents study results on Pimpinella saxifraga L. s.l. which belongs to critical species whose taxonomy has not been finally determined, so far. Because of the fact that in this genus, there occur species with acknowledged usefulness (P. anisum L., and P. anisetum Boiss. et Ball) and possess therapeutic importance [among others: P. saxifraga L., P. tragium Vill., P. major (L.)Huds.], the presented studies can be helpful in the determination of their natural affinity. Burnet saxifrage, P. saxifraga, was the research object treated as an aggregation of forms which are related to each others because of a high degree of structural polymorphism. Morphological studies were carried out on herbarium material collected in 34 localities in West Poland (Wielkopolska-Kuyavia Lowland). Results of this part of studies that in that have shown terrain, there occur two separate forms (“nigra” and “saxifraga”), whereby the “nigra” form occurs significantly more frequently than the “saxifraga” one. The ranges of biometrical measurements of some features are overlapping indicating that there occur plants with an intermediate character (hybrids?). In the phytochemical analysis of roots, it was that there occurred essential oil which contained eight components. The domination of the “nigra” form has been confirmed. Its essential oil different than the oil of the “saxifraga” form, it has a different colourand its total content is usually increased. In the composition of both forms (“nigra” and “saxifraga”), there definitely dominate myrcene and limonene. The “nigra” form is characterized by the absence of cymene, while “saxifraga” form has no γ-terpinene and only some traces of cymene and sabinene
The present study larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Halimeda macroloba, Decsne, Caulerpa racemosa (Frosk) Weber-Van-Bosses and Ulva lactuca Lin, (Chlorophyceae) against Aedes aegypti. The marine macro green algae extracts were tested against early 4 th instar larvae of A. aegypti using WHO protocol and concentrations of 200, 400, 600,800 and 1000 ppm. The observed mortality was made 24 and 48 h after treatment, data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration (LC₅₀ and LC₉₀) of the treated larvae of the tested species. Among the tested extracts the maximum efficacy was observed in the ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts of the seaweeds showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds stronger than the other extracts. The results revealed that all the extracts showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti tested. However, the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa showed remarkable larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (LC₅₀=579.9 and LC₉₀=1255.4 ppm values at 24 h and LC₅₀=495.4 and LC₉₀=1073.9 ppm at 48 h) followed by U. lactuca (LC₅₀=588.1 and LC₉₀=1290.7 ppm values at 24 h, and LC₅₀= 530.8, and LC₉₀= 1160.0 ppm at 48 h), respectively. The lowest larval mortality was observed with hexane extract of H. macroloba against A. aegypti with values of LC₅₀=1116.8 and LC₉₀= 1824.5 ppm (after 24 h) and LC₅₀=1059.9 and LC₉₀=1768.3 ppm (after 24 h). The present studies indicate that the larvicidal activity and phytochemicals derived from the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach and effective mosquito vector control agent.
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