In Spain, the highest density of roe deer Capreolus capreolus (Linnaeus, 1758) is found in the northern mountains, whereas towards the south, populations are fragmented into isolated nucleii. In order to analyse the distribution patterns of this species in Spain and its variation during the last five years, a multivariate analysis of the influences of several socioeconomic, physiognomic and climatic factors was performed. This species prefers to inhabit damper and colder areas. Its distribution also reflects changes in human population; roe deer are associated with areas of zero growth or an actual decline in population density. An active management is essential to the conservation of the southern populations due to their geographic isolation and the low populational density of each nucleus.
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