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1
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Ecosystem maturation follows the warming of the Arctic fjords

100%
Weslawski J. M., Buchholz F., Gluchowska M., Weydmann A.
Oceanologia
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2017
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tom 59
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nr 4
Two fjords in West Spitsbergen (Hornsund 77°N and Kongsfjorden 79°N) differ with regard to their exposure towards increasingly warm Atlantic water inflow. Hornsund remains in many respects cooler than Kongsfjorden (on average 2°C SST in summer) and is less influenced by warmer and more saline Atlantic waters. Reported changes in the physical environment (temperature rise, freshwater inflow, salinity drop, turbidity, fast-ice reduction, coastal change) are discussed in the context of biological observations in the pelagic and benthic realms with special reference to krill (Euphausiacea). We conclude that well-documented changes in the physical environment have had little effect on the fjord biota and that both organisms and their ecological functions in the fjords are well adapted to the scale of ongoing change. The observed changes fit the definition of ecosystem maturation, with greater diversity, a more complex food web and dispersed energy flow at the warmer site.
2
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Effect of fly ash application on some soil physical properties and microbial activities

80%
Kohli S. J., Goyal D.
Acta Agrophysica
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2010
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tom 16
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nr 2[182]
Electrostatic precipitator (ESP) fly ash obtained from a thermal power plant was mixed with a slightly alkaline soil on w/w basis for use as a potting mixture for poplar nursery and investigated for its influence on microbial activity and physical properties. Application of fly ash as an amendment @ 10% was found to be optimum for bacterial population, soil dehydrogenase activity and microbial biomass. Water holding capacity of fly ash amended soil increased and bulk density decreased as result of fly ash addition as compared to unamended soil. The suitability of fly ash to be used as a soil ameliorant in nursery plantations attains significance from the point of view of eco-friendly disposal of fly ash.
3
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Beyond salty reins – modelling benthic species' spatial response to their physical environment in the Pomeranian Bay (Southern Baltic Sea)

80%
Glockzin M., Gogina M., Zettler M. L.
Baltic Coastal Zone. Journal of Ecology and Protection of the Coastline
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2009
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tom 13 part II
The brackish water environment of the Baltic Sea is dominated by a strong gradient of salinity and along with salinity the benthic diversity decreases – salinity is regarded as the master factor regulating benthic diversity in brackish habitats. In this scheme, consistently small patches of comparatively higher or lower benthic diversity do emerge in areas where either environmental or anthropogenic impacts on the benthic habitat change drastically over short spatial distances. Hence, spatial diversity of ecological factors creates diversity among benthic colonization and community structures. We show through a logistic modeling approach the possibility to predict thereby induced benthic colonization areas and community structures inside the broad scheme of a brackish water habitat. This study bases upon quantitative macrozoobenthic abundance data collected over a period of 4 years. It clearly demonstrates the need to analyze species’ relationships in gradient systems such as the Baltic Sea and provides a tool to predict natural and anthropogenic forced changes in species distribution.
4

Phylogenetic diversity and abundance of bacteria from surface microlayer and subsurface water in eutrophic lake

80%
Walczak M., Swiontek Brzezinska M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2010
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tom 58
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nr 1
The bacteria from different phylogenetic groups were studied in surface microlayer (SM, up to 100 μm) versus subsurface water (SW – 20 cm) in eutrophic lake from spring to autumn of 2007. Abundance of bacteria was determined using a combination of direct counting of 4’, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and the phylogenetic diversity was determined in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method with group-specific, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes. The numbers of DAPI bacteria varied between 4.75 and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) demonstrated that Eubacteria constituted the majority of the whole bacterial population and their percentage share ranged from 59 to 75%. Abundances of alpha- beta-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga-Flavobacteria groups varied across seasons, layers, and lacustrine zones. The lowest number of alphaProteobacteria group bacteria was observed in spring (SM – 0.2 × 10⁶, SW – 0.16 × 10⁶ cells cm⁻³), whereas the highest in autumn (SM – 0.62 × 10⁶, SW – 1.6 × 10⁶ cells cm⁻³). The percentage share of these groups of bacteria in the Eubacteria domain was lower in spring (20–50%) than in summer and autumn (from 65 to over 80%). No fixed difference between the composition of SM and SW bacteria was noticed. Seasonally occurred changes are similar in both layers.
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