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The major objective of the study was the identification of methods of overcoming educational difficulties occurring at classes of physical education at the stage of jnuor high school education. The study was carried out with the method of a diagnostic survey, with a questionnaire being the main research technique. The questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 53 teachers of physical education working in seven junior high schools located in the city of Zamość The questionnaire survey was completed by interviews conducted with six school headmasters and seven pedagogues working at those schools. The conducted analysis of results enables concluding that a significant part of the teachers of physical education were tangibly facing shortages of knowledge on the educational methods, and that methods of imposing discipline on pupils during classes of physical education are in most cases based on talk and persuasion. Only a small group of the surveyed teachers of physical education is convinced about the necessity of adjusting a school programme to interests of the junior high school pupils. The account made by school pedagogues and headmasters indicates that the prophylactic and educational activities undertaken at the surveyed schools include, most of all, various educational programmes which enable diagnosis and counteracting threats resulting from addiction and violence and which tend to the strengthening of self-esteem in the adolescents and their ability to cope with problems.
The aim of this work was to gain and broaden the knowledge about muscle imbalance in first year high school students and to determine the impact of compensational program on the changes in muscle imbalance. The file was comprised of 49 students from two classes aged 15 to 16 years. The classes were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 25) and control (n = 24) file and became a subject of a double-group concurrently ongoing experiment. We examined the students with functional tests to identify tightened and weakened muscles and abnormal motion patterns. The examination included tests of motion capabilities as well. By means of input measurements we have observed a high frequency of muscle imbalance in the entire file of students. An experimental element – the compensational exercises were incorporated into the physical education classes of the experimental file for a time period of 9 months. The compensation exercises consisted mainly of stretching exercises, exercises aimed at the activation and strengthening of the core muscles, stabilizing exercises and functional exercises. The experimental element also included theoretical blocks. We have not observed statistic changes in the individual parts of muscle imbalance in the output measurements of the control file. Statistically significant changes (p < 0,01), (p < 0,05) occurred in the experimental file in a majority of cases and compensation exercises had a great impact on the decreasing of incidence of the individual disorders.
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The purpose of this paper is to present how physical culture was managed in Łódź in 1945–48 during the times of social and political changes. This period is characteristic for the rebirth of sport movement after the WWII and the activities of the authorities aimed at introducing a new model of management of physical culture. On the territory of the voivodeship of Łódź, sport activity was revived along with the withdrawal of German army. The activity of reviving clubs and sport unions was quite spontaneous at first. The model of management of physical culture, introduced in 1946,combined physical education issues with military training referring to pre-war models. The newly created Voivodeship Office of Physical Education and Military Training in Łódź in 1948 was temporary. The final objective was introduction of sports management based on the Soviet model. In the years 1946–49 Łódź authorities popularized the development of physical education and sport in the way compatible with the State policy. They put pressure on massive sport events, sport was combined with military and agricultural training. The new authorities supported the development of physical education and sport in leftist organizations. Sports associations which were claimed to be adverse were eliminated.
This paper looks at the history of physical education and sports in the Czechoslovak and Polish YMCA. As far as physical education and sports are concerned, the two national associations not only developed in a similar way but cooperated in some areas of their activity as well. The two associations were established and began to work together in the 1920s, exchanging printed matter or arranging friendly matches. In the course of time, both of these national associations began to build their own premises equipped with modern sports facilities and their members participated in matches on a regular basis. The origin of the YMCA and the source of money flowing into Czechoslovakia and Poland led to restrictions being placed on both of these national associations as the outbreak of the Second World War drew near. They were later dissolved and were not fully reestablished until the 1990s.
The article presents data on the current state of health, physical preparedness, motor activity of students in non-sports profile higher education establishments. It was found that low levels of physical condition of students is determined by a number of factors, among which, the lack of their motor activity, as well as non-rational approaches of the governing bodies and the administration of some higher educational establishments to organizing teaching and extracurricular physical training of future specialists are the major ones. It contains data relative to the main functions of motor activity. The basic provisions of the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine of 09.25.2015 №1 / 9–454 “Regarding the organization of physical education in higher education”.
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