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Molecular and morphological evidence for close phylogenetic affinities of the genera Macrodera, Leptophallus, Metaleptophallus and Paralepoderma [Digenea, Plagiorchiata]

100%

Tkach V., Grabda-Kazubska B., Pawlowski J., Swiderski Z.

Acta Parasitologica

1999

tom 44

nr 3

Genera Paralepoderma, Leptophallus and Metaleptophallus have traditionally been classified as a group of closely related genera considered by most authors as members of the subfamily Leptophallinae, family Plagiorchiidae (Digenea, Plagiorchiata). At the same time the systematic position of the genus Macrodera was for a long time unstable and its phylogenetic affinities controversial. Different authors allocated this genus in the family Ochetosomatidae or as a type genus of separate family Macroderidae. The former three genera include parasites of snake digestive tract and the last one - parasites of snake lung. Some morphological features of adult and larval stages indicated, however, their possible close affinity. Molecular analysis based on the partial sequences of the 28S ribosomal DNA gene has demonstrated very close phylogenetic relationships between these four genera. The molecular data are supported by morphological characters of adult stages (first of all, presence of external seminal vesicles in all four genera), peculiarities of life cycle and chaetotaxy of cercariae. A hypothesis of the probable ways of speciation in this group is proposed.

The Madagascan 'Cuckoo-roller' [Aves: Leptosomidae] is not a roller - notes on the phylogenetic affinities and evolutionary history of a 'living fossil'

80%

Mayr G.

Acta Ornithologica

2008

tom 43

nr 2

226-230

The phylogenetic affinities and evolutionary history of the Madagascan Leptosomidae (Courol or "Cuckoo-roller") are reviewed to rectify erroneous accounts in the recent literature. These birds are not closely related to rollers, and multiple molecular and morphological data sets congruently support their position outside the clade including Coraciiformes sensu stricto (rollers and ground rollers), Piciformes (woodpeckers and allies), and Alcediniformes (kingfishers and allies). The recent discovery that Plesiocathartes, from the Eocene of Europe and North America, is a stem lineage representative of the Leptosomidae further shows that Pan-Leptosomidae were widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere in the early Paleogene. The Courol is among the few avian taxa which qualify as "living fossils", and its persistence on Madagascar may have been facilitated by the absence of ecological factors that led to extinction of Pan-Leptosomidae elsewhere.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Ornithologica

1 Acta Parasitologica

1 Grabda-Kazubska B.

1 Mayr G.

1 Pawlowski J.

1 Swiderski Z.

1 Tkach V.

1 2008

1 1999

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Molecular and morphological evidence for close phylogenetic affinities of the genera Macrodera, Leptophallus, Metaleptophallus and Paralepoderma [Digenea, Plagiorchiata]

The Madagascan 'Cuckoo-roller' [Aves: Leptosomidae] is not a roller - notes on the phylogenetic affinities and evolutionary history of a 'living fossil'