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Stomata begin to close within 24 h of imposing soil flooding. We investigated whether the stomatal response was triggered by reduced photosynthetic efficiency in young, fully expanded leaves of flooded plants. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated that ФpsII the effective quantum yield of PS II,decreased after stomata began to close in flooded plants. Changes in qP mirrored those of ФpsII, ФpsII was not affected by daytime patterns of stomatal conductance in well-drained plants but was reduced by stomatal closure in flooded plants. Fv/Fm a measure of the overall photosynthetic efficiency of dark- adapted plants, decreased after 57 h of flooding. Therefore, prolonged soil flooding adversely affected the thylakoid membranes. QN, a measure of the amount of captured energy dissipated as heat and therefore, unused by the photosynthetic machinery, began to increase after 32 h of flooding and continued to rise thereafter. The interdependence of the changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and the flooding-induced closure of stomata is discussed.
Spiraea van-houttei (Briot.) Zabel has often been used for urban landscaping and for the biological recultivation of ash deposits in Serbia. This study examines its photosynthetic efficiency, water balance, and trace element content in the ‘Stara Zvezdara’ park in the city of Belgrade, in the fly ash deposits of the ‘Nikola Tesla – A’ thermoelectric power plant in Obrenovac, and at the Arboretum of Belgrade’s Faculty of Forestry. Site-dependent variations were found in the water saturation deficit, photosynthetic efficiency, Cu and Mn concentrations, and leaf damage symptoms. The higher water saturation deficit measured in the city park showed some difficulties in maintaining water balance due to Pb accumulation in leaves and the chlorotic damage caused predominantly by car exhaust pollutants. A photosynthetic efficiency (0.787) within the optimum range indicated the capacity of this species to tolerate the elevated concentrations of pollutants in the city air. However, the low photosynthetic efficiency (0.588) and the deficiency of Cu (2.380μg/g) and Mn (9.550μg/g) that caused leaf wilting indicated that the spiraea would probably disappear from the fly ash deposits in spite of a favourable water balance.
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