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In this study, by using a different variety of TiO₂ catalyst, photocatalytic oxidation of reactive azo dye used in textile industry and an improvement in the biodegradability of the dye by photocatalytic oxidation are investigated. It was found that the addition of TiO₂ in the photooxidation of dye increased color removal by 30.84 %, the addition of H₂O₂ in the presence of TiO₂ also increased color removal by 33.98 %. The study also examined the effect of TiO₂ obtained from different companies in color removal and it was found that TiO₂ obtained from Merck and Degussa displayed similar effectiveness in color removal. It was further found that, depending on the chemical composition of dye used, the ions, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻ and NH₄⁺ emerged and that NH₄⁺ was oxidized to NO₂⁻. As a result of the 42 h long photocatalytic oxidation, a COD removal of about 85.3 % was achieved. In this study, Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic constants were examined and it was found that k=0.971 mg/L min and K=0.176 L/mg. By analyzing respirometric measures of raw and photocatalyzed dyes, it was determined that photocatalyzed dye had higher biodegradability than raw dye. Improvement in biodegradation was proven by the rise of BOD₅/COD ratio from 0.06 to 0.29.
Advanced oxidation process (AOP) has been shown to be effective in water and air decontamination. Ultraviolet-oxidation has been evaluated for most contaminants. In this work UV/TiO₂/O₂ version of AOP method was used to decompose surfactants and, applied in car washing installations, commercial products. The influence of such parameters like the amount of TiO₂ catalyst's dose, the acidity of aqueous solution and the type of applied UV lamp were examined. Additionally, in order to evaluate the effects associated with photocatalysis, studies of the contributions like adsorption of surfactants on catalysts and photooxidation were undertaken. photocatalytic oxidation of Cleentex aqueous solution was investigated, using TiO₂ and 10% - Tio₂/SiO₂ as catalysts The most efficient process appeared to occur in weakly basic solution pH = 8.9 with TiO₂ catalyst dose about 1.5 g dm⁻³. The photo-efficiency of UV lamps should be verified in order to avoid the excessive losses of light power. All detergents showed a high affinity for photocatalytic decomposition and final degree of COD reduction was in the range 35-60 %, depending on detergent composition. The degree of TOC reduction was slightly lower.
Samples of water were collected from the port of Gdynia and the Gulf of Gdansk (Southern Baltic Sea), and were artificially covered by oil film and stored at a constant temperature. One part of samples was stored in darkness and the second batch was placed under artificial light. Change in the composition of oil on the water surface was determined by means of gas chromatography. Results indicate a greater rate of degradation for the film which covered port water than water from the Gulf of Gdansk. It was revealed that light decreases the rate of biodegradation of an oil film.
The resistance of edible oils to oxidative degradation, leading to rancidification, is an important parameter for assessing the quality of oil. This paper presents a new promising method to diagnose the volatile compounds which are products of oil oxidation reactions. Our experiment was carried out using a combined method of UV irradiation as an oxidation acceleration technique, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) as an extraction technique and capillary gas chromatography (GC) as an assay technique. Method precision and sensitivity expressed as RSD (<19%) and LOD (between 18 and173 ng/mL) are satisfactory. The induction period set on hexanal / t-2-nonenal ratio (IP=6.67 h) is comparable with those obtained with the Rancimat method (4.64–6.73 h).
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