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A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates the synthesis and releases several metabolites from phagocytes which can lead to an endotoxic shock characterized by multiple organ injury with the earliest to occur in the lungs. Among LPS-induced metabolites, reactive oxygen species are considered to play a crucial pathogenetic role in the lung damage. In this study, the effect of early administration of an antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid (LA), on pulmonary lipid peroxidation, lung hydrogen peroxide (H202) concentration, and lung sulfhydryl group content was evaluated in rats with endotoxic shock induced by administration of LPS (Escherichia coli 026:B6, 30 mg/kg, i.v.). In addition, lung edema was assessed with wet-to-dry lung weight (W/D) ratio. Animals were treated intravenously with normal saline or LA 60 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg 30 min after LPS injection. After a 5 h observation, animals were killed and the lungs were isolated for measurements. Injection of LPS alone resulted in the development of shock and oxidative stress, the latter indicated by a significant increase in the lung thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) and H202 concentrations, and a decrease in the lung sulfhydryl group content. The increase in the W/D ratio after the LPS challenge indicated the development of lung edema in response to LPS. Administration of LA after the LPS challenge resulted in an increase in the sulfhydryl group content and a decrease in TBARS and H202 concentration in the lungs as compared with the LPS group. An insignificant decrease in the W/D ratio was observed in rats treated with either dose of LA. These results indicate that the LPS-induced oxidative lung injury in endotoxic rats can be attenuated by early treatment with LA. Administration of LA could be a useful adjunct to conventional approach in the management of septic shock.
The specific and non-specific immune response after antirabies vaccination was studied in young dogs with altered immune functions suffering from endoparasitoses and compared with those in healthy dogs. The degree of the immunosuppression was confirmed by functional test of phagocytes and proliferation activity test of lymphocytes. The study indicates an association between parasitized animals, and a depression in the immune responses. Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina and Trichuris vulpis were the most prevalent parasite species. During the experiment no anthelmintic treatment was applied. In puppies suffering from immunosuppression significantly lower specific antibody level after antirabies vaccination was demonstrated on day 28. In such case of known immunosuppression it is recommended to repeat antirabies vaccination; primovaccination does not provide satisfactory protection. Anthelmintic preventive treatment may be necessary to improve the immune responses to antirabies vaccination and provide effective protection.
In Black-and-White cattle, polymorphism of acid phosphatase (AcP) of blood leukocytes is determined by a pair of autosomal alleles. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between AcP polymorphism and the metabolic efficiency of phagocytes in the first months after calving of cows naturally infected with the bovine leukaemia virus. The studied population consisted of 91 Black-and-White cows aged 3-6 years, from one herd. Enzootic bovine leukaemia (EBL) was diagnosed with the immuno-enzymatic ELISA method and a PCR molecular test. Additionally, agarose gel electrophoresis and the cytochemical method were used to determine the AcP polymorphism and activity in leukocytes. The metabolic activity of phagocytes was determined by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. Significant differences in metabolic efficiency of granulocytes were observed between cows representing different AcP phenotypes. No significant differences in levels of the analysed indices were observed between the EBL-positive and EBL-negative cows and between the three subsequent months after calving.
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