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Pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable crops from the central and eastern region of Poland

100%

Szpyrka E., Kurdziel A., Rupar J., Slowik-Borowiec M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

|

nr 2

Background. Fruit and vegetables have health and nutritional value, but can also be a source of toxic contaminants such as pesticide residues. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate presence of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetable crops from the central and eastern region of Poland in order to check the compliance of these products with the maximum residue levels’ (MRLs) requirements set in legal EU regulation for products present in the market. Material and methods. Samples of fruit and vegetables were obtained from production farms as a part of an official premarket monitoring of pesticide residues conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, implemented in cooperation with the regional Inspectorates of Plant Health and Seed Inspection. The tests covered determination of 207 pesticides. Results. In 2014, a total of 317 samples of fruit and vegetables, collected from the central and eastern region of Poland, were analysed for the presence of pesticide residues. Pesticide residues were detected in 89 (28.1%) analysed samples: in 65 (38.2%) samples of fruit, and in 24 (16.3%) samples of vegetables. MRLs were exceeded in 2 samples (0.6%). Most often, the pesticide residues were found in gooseberry (100% of gooseberry samples) and apple (71.4%). Conclusions. Monitoring of pesticide residues in the agricultural crops at premarket stage should be continued to prevent market from the penetration by products with non-acceptable residues of pesticides and to protect consumers against excessive exposure to pesticide residues.

2

Pesticide residues in greenhouse vegetables of South-Eastern Poland in 1999-2001

100%

Sadlo S., Szpyrka E.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2002

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tom 42

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nr 2

3

Pozostalosci srodkow ochrony roslin w plodach rolnych [rok 2003]

86%

Nowacka A., Gnusowski B., Dabrowski J., Walorczyk S., Drozdzynski D., Wojcik A., Barylska E., Ziolkowski A., Chmielewska E., Morzycka B., Giza I., Rogozinska K., Langowska B., Michel M., Kuzmienko A., Sztwiertnia U., Sadlo S., Rupar J., Szpyrka E.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2004

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tom 44

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nr 1

260-271

4

Pesticide residues in raw agricultural products from the south-eastern region of Poland and the acute risk assessment

86%

Szpyrka E., Slowik-Borowiec M., Matyaszek A., Podbielska M., Rupar J.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2016

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tom 67

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nr 3

Background. The use of pesticide leads to the increase in quantity and quality of yields, but may also result in presence of toxic contaminants in food products. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate presence of pesticide residues in raw agricultural products from the south-eastern region of Poland, to verify their compliance with the maximum residue levels’ (MRLs) as specified in the EU regulations concerning products present in the market, and to assess the acute risk related to consumption of these products. Material and Methods. Samples of raw agricultural products were obtained from production farms as a part of an official premarket monitoring of pesticide residues conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, implemented in cooperation with the regional Inspectorates of Plant Health and Seed Inspection. The scheduled tests covered determination of 243 chemicals included in residue definitions for purposes of pesticide residues monitoring in or on food of plant origin (229 pesticides). Results. In 2015, a total of 328 samples of raw commodities collected from the south-eastern region of Poland were analysed for the presence of pesticide residues. Pesticide residues were detected in 84 samples (25.6%), while in 7 samples (2.1%) they exceeded MRLs. Violations of MRLs concerned 2 samples of Peking Cabbage, 3 samples of dill, 1 sample of raspberry and 1 sample of spinach. The pesticide residues were most often found in: fruit (38.3% of all fruit samples), herbs (35.3%) and vegetables (20.0%). The assessed acute exposure did not exceed the 100% acute reference dose (ARfD) in any sample. Conclusions. Monitoring of pesticide residues in the agricultural crops prevents penetration of products with MRLs exceeded or containing unacceptable pesticide residues into the market, thus protecting consumers’ health.

5

Pesticide residues in berries harvested from Sout-Eastern Poland (2009-2011)

86%

Matyaszek A., Szpyrka E., Podbielska M., Slowik-Borowiec M., Kurdziel A.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

|

nr 1

Background. Poland is a leading grower/producer of berries in Europe that are either eaten raw or processed. As well as berries this includes fruit such as grapes, strawberries and other small fruits. Testing for the presence of active substances in Plant Protection Products, (PPP), in such fruit is however important, as part of measures taken to minimise human intake. Objective. To determine the incidence of pesticide residues in berries harvested from South-Eastern Poland in 2009-2011. Material and methods. Chromatographic separation followed by analytical detection was performed on 250 samples of various test fruits using an accredited methodology: GC/ECD/NPD, together with spectrophotometric detection wherever necessary, according to PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025. As part of previous monitoring, 126 active substances were identified in 2009, 132 in 2010 and 153 in 2011; levels were compared to Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Results. Analyses showed that 46.4% of samples contained PPPs of which 4% exceeded the MRL. The most were found in raspberries, (58.8% of all tested), followed by 58.3% redcurrants, and gooseberries as well as 50% grapes. The most frequently found active substances of PPPs were pyrimethanil (15.6%), dithiocarbamates (12.4%), procymidone (8%), cyprodinil (5.6%) and difenoconazole (5.2%). The highest MRL exceedances were found in blackcurrants. Testing also revealed many examples of pesticides not recommended for the protection of specific crops: propiconazole in gooseberries, cyprodinil, flusilazole, iprodione, pyrimethanil in blackcurrants and folpet and captan in raspberries. Furthermore, active substances whose use in PPPs have been forbidden since 2008 were also detected, ie. endosulfan in blackcurrants and strawberries, fenitrothion in black and red currants as well as procymidone in raspberries, blackcurrants and strawberries. These data are consistent to those obtained from the whole of Poland and the European Union (EU). Conclusions. Most pesticides were present in raspberries, redcurrants, gooseberries and grapes of which fungicides were the most frequently detected. These results are in keeping with other similar studies.

6

Pesticide residues in stone fruits from the south-eastern region of Poland in 2012-2014

86%

Slowik-Borowiec M., Szpyrka E., Rupar J., Matyaszek A., Podbielska M.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2015

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tom 66

|

nr 3

Background. Peaches, sour cherries, nectarines, apricots, plums and cherries are fruit commonly known as “stone fruit”. Their nutritional properties namely, vitamins, minerals, fiber and numerous microelements, make them a very important component of human diet. As fruit trees can be attacked by numerous diseases and pests, chemical protection of these crops is used. Therefore, it is important that the relevant governmental agencies or institutions ensure correct application of pesticides Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of pesticide residues in stone fruits south-eastern region of Poland in 2012–2014 in order to provide data to estimate health risk to consumers. Material and methods. Validated analytical methods based on liquid / liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen phosphorus detection (GC-ECD/NPD) and spectrophotometry (dithiocarbamates residues) were used for the analysis. 92 samples of stone fruits were tested for the presence of pesticide residues. Results. 13 of all samples (14%) contained pesticide residues. 7 active substances were detected, including 5 fungicides: boscalide, bupirimate, difenoconazole, dithiocarbamates and captan, and 2 insecticides: cypermethrin and pirimicarb. In the analysed samples, the use of not recommended plant protection products in orchard crops were found. However, neither maximum residue levels (MRLs) recommended by the Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 were exceeded nor pesticides being unapproved by the Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 detected in the analysed samples. Conclusions. Lack of plant protection products for control specific diseases or pests in crops results in the use of formulations not recommended for use in certain orchard crops. On a basis of results reported in previous years it can be concluded that occurrence of pesticide residues in stone fruit samples dropped significantly.

7

Occurrence of pesticide residues in strawberries of South-Eastern Poland in 1996-2000

86%

Rogozinska K., Rupar J., Szpyrka E.

Pestycydy

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2001

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nr 3-4

8

Fast identification of trace-level pesticide residues in agricultural crops applying low-pressure gas chromatography mass spectrometry

86%

Walorczyk S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2004

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tom 44

|

nr 2

A method for the fast identification of trace levels of pesticide residues in agricultural crops was developed using low pressure gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (LP-GC/MS). The finalchromatographic determination took 12 minutes per sample while conventional GC/MS required at least 30 minutes. Also, improved peak shapes for dichlorvos, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, pirymethanil, pirimicarb, carbaryl, myclobutanil, flusilazole tebuconazole, fenarimol and iprodione were obtained which generally enabled lower limits of detection. The method was successfully applied to analysis of more than 40 pesticides in 120 samples of fruits, vegetables and cereals. With the aid of LP-GC/MS the number of samples analysed on the particular instrument could be at least doubled.

9

Survey of pesticide residues in strawberries from plantations of South-Eastern Poland in 2006

86%

Sadlo S., Szpyrka E., Rogozinska K., Rupar J.

Pestycydy

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2007

|

nr 1-2

10

The challenges of developing IPM programmes for soft fruit crops that eliminate reportable pesticide residues

86%

Cross J., Berrie A.

Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research

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2006

|

tom 14

|

nr Suppl.3

11

Pozostalosci graminicydow w roslinach buraka cukrowego

72%

Kucharski M., Sadowski J., Domaradzki K.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1999

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tom 39

|

nr 2

565-567

12

Pozostalosci srodkow ochrony roslin w warzywach pochodzacych z polnocno-zachodniego rejonu Polski [1997-2000]

72%

Nowacka A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2001

|

tom 41

|

nr 2

587-594

13

Pesticide residues in brassica vegetables

72%

Szpyrka E., Slowik-Borowiec M., Kurdziel A.

Phytopathologia

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2011

|

tom 59

14

Procedure of determination of multiresidue pesticides in honey based on acetonitrile extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

72%

Barganska Z., Slebioda M., Namiesnik J.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

|

2011

|

tom 61

|

nr Suppl.1

15

Kontrola pozostalosci srodkow ochrony roslin w paszach pochodzenia roslinnego w roku 2006

72%

Gnusowski B., Nowacka A., Giza I., Sztwiertnia U., Lozowicka B., Kaczynski P., Szpyrka E., Rupar J., Rogozinska K., Kuzmenko A., Sadlo S.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2007

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

38-41

16

Circulation of pesticides in agrocenosis

72%

Wegorek W.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Ochrony Roślin

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1980

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tom 22

|

nr 2

17

Zatrucia pszczol srodkami ochrony roslin

72%

Lozowicka B.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2008

|

tom 48

|

nr 3

793-797

18

Estimation of the dietary exposure to pesticide residues in Polish crops in 2006

72%

Nowacka A., Gnusowski B.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2007

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tom 47

|

nr 4

469-476

The most important factors influencing the human development and health condition are nutrition habits. The quality of food including first of all health safety as well as usable attributes of products often decides about the consumer choice. Safe food should be characterized by both, adequate nutritive value and the tolerably low content of substances which presence could be a risk and threat for health, e.g. pesticide residues. The aim of the study was to estimate long-term and short-term intake of pesticide residues in Polish fruit and vegetables in 2006. The estimation of dietary exposure was based on pesticide residue data from official control of domestic crops carried out by Institute of Plant Protection and on British food consumption data. The estimated dietary intake has shown the chronic dietary exposure of consumers to the pesticide residues in 2006 in Polish crops was relatively low. For fourteen pesticide residues found in apples the long-term intake did not exceed for adult 1.4% and for toddlers 7.6% of the ADI calculated for each compound and respectively 5.1% and 28.3% of the ADI for all compounds total. For eleven residues found in black currants the data were respectively for adult 1.1% and for toddlers 3.3% of the ADI calculated for each compound and 3.3% and 10.3% of the ADI for all compounds total. The long-term exposure values for other 29 commodities were much lower than those for black currant. An acute dietary exposure was estimated for residues of endosulfan in black currants, fenhexamid in raspberries and captan in sour cherries. An acute dietary exposure did not exceed 18.9% for adults and for toddlers 43.2% of the ARfD. The results show that Polish fruit and vegetables are safe in long- as well as in short-term nutrition.

19

Potential of ozone utilization for reduction of pesticide residue in food of plant origin. A review

72%

Balawejder M., Antos P., Sadlo S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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2013

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tom 64

|

nr 1

Residues of plant protection products can be nowadays found in almost all samples of fruits as even if their application was carried out with respect to standards of Good Agricultural Practice. The intake of these compounds with food of plant origin may result in various disorders and diseases. Since the use of plant protection agents seems unavoidable, it is necessary to treat contaminated food material to eliminate or reduce residues content within food products. Ozone is utilized for elimination of biological and chemical contaminants in various environmental matrixes. Since its utilization in food industry has been permitted many experiments were conducted in order to determine its efficiency and side effects on food quality. The goal of this paper is to contribute to a discussion on the ozonization as a process leading to reduction of pesticide residues on plant surface.

20

Kontrola pozostalosci srodkow ochrony roslin w materiale roslinnym w Polsce w latach 1996-2002

72%

Dabrowski J., Nowacka A., Gnusowski B.

Progress in Plant Protection

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2003

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tom 43

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nr 1

85-93

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