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Shifting cultivation, or swiddening, involves alternating cycles of cropping and fallow periods. Rather than being abandoned, the fallow swidden fields provide a source of important plant products for remote, forest-dwelling human communities. In northern Laos, the traditional length of fallow periods used to range between five and 11 years, depending on the availability of land and quality of the soil. Fallow periods are currently being shortened because of population pressures and government policies. To determine the potential impacts of shorter fallow periods, 128 swidden fallows of various ages (up to 20 years), located at altitudes between 400 and 800 m a.s.l. in northern Laos were sampled for usable plants. The impact of fallow length on plant abundance and species diversity was analysed. The number of usable plant species was found to increase with the fallow age until it was 11–12 years old, and then decline, while the abundance of usable plants increased beyond that period. We conclude that shorter fallows will result in a significantly smaller usable plant abundance and species diversity for the villagers. We propose that 11–12-year-long fallows should be considered in order to fully exploit the greater plant volume of older fallows as well as the compositional shift of species in fallows over time.
Temperature is a factor which strongly affects the yield and broccoli head quality. Temperature determines the date of head initiation and thus affect the length of vegetation period. An experiment the aim of which was to assess the impact of temperature on the yield and the length of the period from the broccoli head initiation until the beginning and end of harvest as well as the length of the harvest period was carried out in years 1997–1999. The seedlings of cv. Fiesta were planted in April, May, June and July. The phase of head initiation was determined on the basis of analyses of microscopic preparations. The highest total yield was obtained from May and June planting dates, the highest marketable yield was recorded in the case of the May date planting. A higher correlation was found between the sum of temperature and mean daily air temperature in the period from the initiation to the beginning and end of harvest and mean weight of marketable heads than between temperature and the total yield. The highest correlation was determined between the mean air temperature and the number of days from the head initiation to the last harvest.
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