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The studies were carried out on the population of 14215 cows. The first lactation yield, in kg of FCM, significantly differentiated both the yields of subsequent lactations and the indices of life performance of the cows. In high–production herds (with more than 5000 kg FCM), it is justifiable that the requirement should be met for heifer cows to reach the yield that would balance the costs of their rearing (5000–6000 kg of milk), as their high productivity during the first lactation positively influences their life performance, which is important especially from the perspective of the short period of productive life. In other herds, in the case of highly productive heifer cows, the lower the herd production level, the more intensive the following effects should be expected: decrease in the yield of subsequent lactations, lower overall life performance, fertility deterioration, lower number of born calves and shorter productive life.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate relationships among recorded traits in a 100-day stationary performance test in warmblood stallions in Poland. The possibility of reducing the number of recorded traits was assessed as well. The data are from 582 warmblood stallions undergoing a 100-day test in 2002-2010 at two Polish training centres. The stallions were pre-selected on nine single conformation and movement traits and then inspected on nineteen performance traits scored by the head of the training centre, judging commission, and test riders. To establish the relationships within the data, entropy analysis was used. Entropy and conditional entropy in relation to the final assessment, as well as joint entropy, mutual information, and their quotient were estimated. High relationships between traits depend on their source of variability (head of training centre, judging commission, test rider). Variability over time of ranks for many traits is influenced by the differences in the genetic structure of the stallions tested in the last ten years. These estimates of conditional entropy can be helpful in derivation of weights for the recorded conformation, movement, and performance traits.
The studies were aimed to establish a connection between polymorphism of egg-yolk and egg-white proteins and selected performance traits of laying hens. Data on performance of the studied breeds of hens were collected from breeding records. The following traits were measured in the analysed hens: body weight at 8, 18, and 20 days of age, age of sexual maturity, initial egg-laying rate, mean egg weight at 33 weeks of age, number of eggs with a complete eggshell, number of eggs with a broken eggshell, number of eggs without an eggshell or with a soft one, and a mean eggshell strength at 33 weeks of age.
Visfatin is a peptide that is predominantly expressed in visceral adipose tissue and is hypothesized to be related to obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, a novel silent single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found in exon 7 of the chicken visfatin gene (also known as PBEF1) by single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and DNA sequencing. In total, 836 chickens forming an F₂ resource population of Gushi chicken crossed with Anka broiler were genotyped by Xbal forced RFLP, and the associations of this polymorphism with chicken growth, carcass characteristics, and meat quality were analyzed. Significant associations were found between the polymorphism and 4-week body weight (BW4), 6-week body weight (BW6), 4-week body slanting length (BSL4), fat bandwidth (FBW), breast muscle water loss rate (BWLR) and breast muscle fiber density (BFD) (P < 0.05), as well as 4-week breastbone length (BBL4) (P < 0.01). These observations suggested that the polymorphism in exon7 of the visfatin gene had significant effects on the early growth traits of chicken.
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of pituitary transcription factor 1 (POU1F1, Pit1) and the polymorphism of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) genes on selected pig performance traits. The animals used were the progeny of Polish Landrace × Polish Large White crossbred sows and Polish Landrace, Polish Large White, Duroc or Pietrain boars. Eighteen perfor-mance traits were recorded. The POU1F1 genotype was found to have a significant effect on mean daily live weight gain (g), ham-covering fat (kg), fat thickness over loin (cm), meat content of carcass (%) and meat content of (%), while the GHRH/AluI genotype was significantly associated with fat thickness over shoulder (cm) and meat content of carcass (%). The results presented show that the region of chromosome 13, covering the POU1F1-encoding gene, may contain quantitative traits loci (QTLs) for growth rate and carcass traits. The study supplied new information on the relation between the polymorphism of GHRH-encoding gene and pig performance.
Materiał do badań stanowiło potomstwo 36 samic i 9 samców z wykotu wiosennego (łącznie 298 szt.). Stwierdzono, że cechy związane z użytkowością mięsną charakteryzuje wysoka odziedziczalność. Masa mięsa w tuszce wykazała stosunkowo wysoką korelację genetyczną i fenotypową z masą ciała, szerokością lędźwi, szerokością miednicy I, masą tuszki i jej części oraz masą mięsa w poszczególnych częściach tuszki. Współczynniki korelacji między masą kości w tuszce a badanymi cechami okazały się niższe niż między tymi cechami a masą mięsa. Najwyższe współzależności z masą kości w tuszce wykazały: masa ciała, długość podudzia, masa tuszki oraz masa kości w części przedniej i tylnej.
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