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We report on a unique combination of multiple variations concerning the pectoral muscles and the left external jugular vein. Specifically, a bilateral hypoplasia of the medial clavicular portion of the pectoralis major muscle was noticed along with the coexistence of total right pectoralis minor aplasia, substituted by loose connective and fatty tissue. Simultaneously, a supernumerary anterior-placed external jugular vein was found, which, after its supraclavicular course, pierced the interval between the left clavicular and the sternocostal head, and drained into the left jugular junction. The combination of the above anomalies constitutes an atypical pattern of Poland syndrome. We discuss the related embryological development and the relative literature. Attention was paid to the clinical importance for plastic surgeons, general surgeons, and radiologists, facilitating them with accurate interpretation of anterior thoracic wall findings. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 3: 187–191)
Increase of genetic potential of fast growing chicken broilers to enlarge size of muscles may lead to decrease quality of the meat because of non-adequate amount of nutrient and energy, stored within the eggs, for providing optimal development. Deliver to the chicken embryo additional amount of energy as ATP or ATP attached to the nanoparticles of silver, as a transporting molecule, may promote growth and development of breast muscle. The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of Ag nanoparticles and ATP, administrated in ovo to the embryo, on the morphology of pectoral muscle. The fertilised eggs of Ross 308 (160) were divided into four groups (4 x 40 eggs): without injection (control), with injection of hydrocol-loid of Ag nanoparticles (Nano-Ag), with injection of hydrocolloid of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and with injection of Nano-Ag conjugated with adenosine triphosphate (Nano-Ag/ATP). At day one of incubation, the eggs were injected into the air sac with 0.3 ml of experimental solutions. Chicken embryo morphology was evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton standard stages of embryo development, furthermore, pectoral muscle was visualized by TEM. Results showed that Nano-Ag, ATP and Nano-Ag/ATP did not affect negatively growth and development. However, ultra morphology of the cross section of embryo pectoral muscles was better structured and muscle was more dense with myofibers when ATP and Ag nanoparticles were applicated. The results indicate that application of Nano-Ag and ATP in ovo can affect morphology of breast muscle, but not affecting embryo growth.
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