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1

Shrinkage characteristics of peat-moorsh soil

100%
Oleszczuk R.
Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Land Reclamation
|
2001
|
tom 31
13-21
2
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The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers

75%
Oleszczuk R., Truba M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation
|
2013
|
tom 45
|
nr 1
The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.
3
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Evaluation of changes in soil conditions on peatlands of the Lublin Polesie due to drainage

63%
Gawlik J., Szajda J.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2002
|
tom 67
4

The effect of land use on physical and water properties of peat-moorsh soils

63%
Chrzanowski S., Kaca E.
Journal of Water and Land Development
|
2001
|
nr 05
The studies were carried out on a drained Łokieć Peatland. They concerned physical (bulk density, ash content, porosity) and water (potential and effective useful retention, static percolation, transitory reserves) properties of peat-moorsh soils. Permeability and moisture formation in the rhizosphere of soils under meadows and forests were the other concerns of this study. Drained peat-moorsh soils were found to be best protected from degradation when utilized as meadows; forestry unfavorably affected these soils. In the latter case, changes of the peat mass structure were more profound than under meadows. An upper soil layer was loosen as demonstrated by enhanced soil porosity and a smaller bulk density. Permeability of the rhizosphere under the birch wood was much greater than under meadows. The most advanced drying and depletion of ground water reserves (water easily available to plants) was found in the peat-moorsh soil under birch wood; it was much smaller under meadow vegetation.
5
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Influence of the state of peat mass secondary transformation and date of sowing on darnel [Lolium perenne L.] emergencies

63%
Gawlik J., Harkot W.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2001
|
tom 52
Influence of the sowing date and state of secondary transformations of moorsh formations on the Lolium perewne seed germination in the condtions of pot xperiments was studied. Peaty moorshes (Zi) and proper moorshes (Z2) with granular structure'taken TrönTTFe peat-moorsh soils at various stages of the moorshing process were used in the present experiment. Two levels of soil moisture were applied. It was found out that the influence of the sowing date on the differentiation of darnel emergencies on the moorsh soils was not big. However, a clear tendency for better germination of the seeds sown in summer than those sown in spring was observed. It was especially visible on the granular moorsh formations (Z3) that were not able to create as favourable water conditions for darnel seed germination and development of seedlings as peat moorshes (Zi) because of poor abilities for water conductivity. The present experiment showed that in order to ensure darnel emergencies on the soils formed of granular moorshes it is necessary to keep their moisture level close to 80% of their full water capacity. Seed germination was influenced more by the kind of moorsh and its moisture level than by the status of secondary transformation of the moorsh mass and sowing date.
6
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Contact angle and surface free energy of selected peat-moorsh soils

63%
Hajnos M.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 26
Surface free energy and contact angle for peat-moorsh soils were determined on soil samples consisted of two kinds of moorsh formations, i.e., peaty moorsh (Z1) and proper moorsh (Z3). The samples represented peat soil mass in different state of its secondary transformation, so they essentially differed in values of W1 index. In study a thin-layer (TLW) technique based on Wash- burns equation was used. For this purpose the penetration rate of n-alkanes and diodomethane were measured. If the content of humous compounds in the soil exceeds 40%, wetting rate measurements can only be performed using apolar liquids, such as diiodomethane and alkanes. Polar liquids, on the other hand, such as water or formamide, do not penetrate porous soil layers. This shows that the tested material displays only dispersion-type surface interactions. Therefore, for "mor" and peat soils, the technique of thin-layer wicking with n-octane could only be used to determine the dispersive component . The investigated peat soil no exhibit a polar interactions because the water does not penetrate into yiLW the sample. For the peaty-moorsh soils only dispersive surface free energy components can be determined by the technique of thin-column wicking (TCW). Contact angles can be calculated from the determined dispersive surface free energy components and water surface tension by Young equation. Ranges of water contact angles for peat-moorsh soils are 97.5°<9 <102.0°.
7
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Variable surface charge of selected peat materials as determined from back titration

51%
Matyka-Sarzynska D., Sokolowska Z., Jozefaciuk G.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 26
The surface charge studies were conducted on peat materials at various states of the secondary transformation characterized by W1 index. A back titration method for the determination of the variable surface charge was applied and distribution of the apparent surface dissociation constant for investigated soils were determined. In this method the peat suspensions were titrated with 0.1 N NaOH in IN NaCl solution. For weakly and medium secondary peats positive correlation between quality of the surface charge and the W1 index was found. The best correlation appeared between the surface charge and the summary content of fulvic and humic acids. However, for proper moorsh material two populations can be distinguished. For all samples very strongly acidic surface sites are dominant. Furthermore, the average apparent surface dissociation constant values were similar for all peat-moorsh soils.
8
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Effects of secondary transformation of peat-moorsh soils on their physical properties

51%
Slawinski C., Sokolowska Z., Walczak R.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 26
Detoriation of water conditions in the peat soils are closely related to the transformations that take place in the structure of organic soil mass. Changes in water relations together with an increased access of air enable various physical, chemical and biological processes to take place. This, in turn, leads to changes in organic soil mass and soil mass transformation into moorsh. The scope of changes and their rate depends also on the properties of the original materials. Amorphic peats are most susceptible to secondary tranformations, whereas fibrous peats undergo moorsing slower. peat formations after secondary transformations have been divided into 5 groupsassuming numerical values of water absorptivity as the basic for the division. This index expresses the ratio between the lowest water absorptivity of a given formation to its absorptivity in the fresh state.The aim of the present work was to evaluate in what way type of moorsh and degree of its secondary transformation influence some of its physical properties, i.e., retention curves and water conductivity, absorption level (wetting) and desorption (drying) of steam as well as its specific surface area. The study object included peaty moorshes and proper moorshs originating from peats formations at various stages of decomposition. The soil material originated from the region of Polesie Lubelskie.
9
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Effect of secondary transformation state of peaty-moorsh soils on adsorption isotherm water vapour

51%
Sokolowska Z., Hajnos M., Matyka-Sarzynska D., Gawlik J.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 26
Water vapour adsorption on peat-moorsh soils in various phases of the moorshing process was investigated. The soil material represented two kinds of moorsh: peaty moorsh (Z1) and proper moorsh (Z3) characterizing different classes of peat transformation, i.e., weakly secondary transformed (W1=0.41-0.50), medium secondary transformed (W1=0.51-0.60), strongly secondary transformed (W1=0.61-0.70), very strongly secondary transformed (W1=0,7l-0.80) and completely degraded (W1>0.80). The Brunauer-Emmet and Teller (BET) equation was used to analyse the experimental adsorption results and to calculate the specific surface area from both adsorption and desorplion isotherms. Generally, the values of the specific surface area obtained from desorption isotherms were higher than those obtained from sorption curves. The shape of all curves was similar; i.e., all the curves belonged to the same class of isotherms according to the BE T classification. The values of the correlation coefficient, R, indicated that the BET equation provided a good fit to the experimental data. For all studied samples the BET specific surface area estimated from the sorption isotherm ranged between 250 and 340 m2 g¯1 and between 320-460 m2 ¯1, if the desorption isotherms were used. The average BET specific surface area for the samples of the peaty moorsh (Zi) and the proper moorsh (Z3) were similar. The relationship between surface area and water holding capacity index W1, characterising the state of the secondary transformation was found.
10
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Nitrogen adsorption study of the surface properties of the secondary transformed peat-moorsh soils

51%
Sokolowska Z., Hajnos M., Bowanko G.
Acta Agrophysica
|
2000
|
tom 26
The influence of moorshing processes of peat soils on nitrogen adsorption and on specific surface area was investigated. Soil samples for study were taken from differently moorshified peat-moorsh soils, characterizing by W1 index ranged from 0.44 to 0,82. The samples represented two kinds of moorsh formations, i.e., peaty moorsh (Z1) and propert moorsh (Z3). Nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K were used for determining the surface area and pore volume. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method was used as the standard procedure for determination of the surface area. The adsorption and desorption isotherms of N2 on peat-muck soils at 77 K exhibited similar shape and all belonged to the type II, according to BET classification. The adsorption increased in the series of the soil samples Nos 11<1<13<12 and 10<5<6<8 for the peaty moorsh (Z1) and for the proper moorsh (Z3), respectively. The above series agreed with the changes of the index of the secondary transfbrmation,W1, except for the samples Nos 12 and 5. The nitrogen-BET specific surface area of soil samples ranged from 2.45 to 4.90 m2 g¯1, and no direct relation between the surface area and the index of the secondary transformation, W1, was found. When soil samples are first grouped into the classes Z1 and Z3, and then, for each group, arranged according to the value of the index W1, the relationship between W1 and the specific surface area became more visible. Generally, for the proper moorsh (Z3), an increase of the nitrogen-BET surface area and a decrease of the pore volume were correlated with the increase of the W1 index (except for the samples Nos 8 and 5). In the case of the peaty moorsh (Z1) a decrease of the nitrogen-BET surface area and an increase of the pore volume were connected with the increase of the W1 index, (except for the samples Nos 12 and 13).
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