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Effects of spring frosts in selected apple and pear orchards in the Lublin region in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007

100%
Lipa T., Lipecki J., Janisz A., Sienkiewicz P.
Acta Agrobotanica
|
2008
|
tom 61
|
nr 2
Data concerning the effect of spring frosts on the survival of fl ower buds of several apple and pear cultivars, as well as on the damage caused by spring frosts to apple fruit are presented in the present paper. Observations were conducted in experimental and commercial orchards in the Lublin area in the years 2000, 2005 and 2007. The lowest temperature in spring in the consecutive years occurred on the following dates: 2000 – 3rd and 4th May, 2005 – 1st April and 22nd May, and 2007 – 2nd and 4th May. The most serious damages of buds were found in apple trees of Red Boskoop, Rubin and Jonagold cvs. grown in the experimental orchard in Felin (Lublin) (this was an average value for the years 2000 and 2007), whereas the buds of the late fl owering cultivars of Golden Delicious Smoothee, Royal Gala and Ligol survived with signifi cantly lesser damages. These observations generally confi rmed those made in commercial orchards in 2005 and 2007, in which buds of cv. Elise also showed high resistance to spring frosts. Pear trees of cv. Concorde showed low damage to fl ower buds in 2007 and produced a reasonably good crop. Fruits of cv. Jonagold and its mutations Wilmuta, Jonica, Decosta and Rubinstar proved to be very sensitive to spring frosts, as well as fruits of cv. Lired. The positive infl uence of the Polish rootstock P60 on fl ower bud survival was observed in the year 2000. However, this was not confi rmed in 2007, thus further observations are necessary to check these effects.
2

Insecticide resistance in the codling moth [Cydia pomonella]

100%
Stara J., Nad'ova K., Kocourek F.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2006
|
tom 14
|
nr Suppl.3
3

Rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] in Central European apple and pear orchards - comparative studies of species richness, abundance and diversity

67%
Balog A., Marko V.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2007
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tom 47
|
nr 3
309-320
The dominance, diversity and activity density of rove beetles were studied in Central European apple and pear orchards. Altogether 6877 individuals, belonging to 271 species and 11 subfamilies were collected. Thirteen species presented a relative abundance from 9 to 2% and amounted to almost 56% of all staphylinids recorded. In dominance order they were: Dinaraea angustula (Gyllenhal), Omalium caesum Gravenhorst, Drusilla canaliculata (F.), Sphenoma abdominale Mannerheim, Palporus nitidulus (F.), Xantholinus linearis (Olivier), Dexiogya corticina (Erichson), Coprochara bipustulata L., Mocyta orbata (Erichson), Oligota pumilio Kiessenwetter, Xanthlinus longiventris (Olivier), Tachyporus hypnorum (F.) and Pycnota vicina (Kraatz). The alpha diversity of staphylinids for different environmental conditions was relatively similar but the Shannon-Weiner Index (H) was higher than of other similar studies. However, the activity density was higher in pear, in sand and in abandoned plantations; under different environmental conditions this could not be considered uniform in time. After the cumulative studies on the population dynamics, one can conclude that the highest number of species can be found in spring and in summer. Species D. canaliculata and P. nitidulus presented the similar seasonal dynamics in orchards located in different environmental areas, while O. caesum had the same activity density both in apple and pear orchards.
4

The modern insecticide (chlorantraniliprole) used to control codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.)

67%
Pluciennik Z.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2012
|
tom 20
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nr 2
5

Studies on rove beetles [Coleoptera: Staphylinidae] in Hungarian orchards ecosystems

67%
Balog A., Marko V.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
|
2006
|
tom 14
|
nr Suppl.3
6

Management and control of insecticide-resistant pear psylla Cacopsylla pyri]

67%
Kocourek F., Stara J.
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research
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2006
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tom 14
|
nr Suppl.3
7

Efektywność parazytoidów w ograniczaniu liczebności imagines miodówki gruszowej plamistej (Cacopsylla pyri L.)

59%
Jaworska K., Olszak R. W.
Progress in Plant Protection
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 3
In 2007–2009, studies on the number of pear sucker and its parasitization degree by the hymenopteran Sectiliclava cleone were carried out on two plots of pear orchard, differing in terms of applied protection strategy (without and with insecticide treatment). The presence of parasitoids was only recorded in case of single insect pests from the summer generations. A parasitization degree of wintering insects was higher in the plot without insecticide treatment comparing to the one with chemical protection (5 insecticide treatments during a season). After the first season the presence of the parasitoids in host’s abdomines was stated in 22–67% of female and 9–37% of male pear suckers on the first plot, and 3–14% of female and 2–15% of male pests on treated plots. After the second season, the percentage values were higher and amounted to 32–60% for female and 20–30% for male pear suckers in the untreated plot, and 16–26% of female and 6–14% of male pests on the second plot, depending on the date of spring observations. The number of the pest on both experimental plots varied in subsequent years and insect generations. In general, pear suker occurred at a low intensity, causing no visible damage. After the first season the number of wintering pest on untreated plot was initially twice higher, however, after overwintering it lowered 1.5 times comparing to treated plot. Following the second year of research, the number of pests from the summer generation was 3–4 times higher. The number of wintering insects on untreated plot was 5 times lower comparing to treated plot. In the last season (2009) on untreated plot the number of individuals shaked off from 25 branches amounted to 12.2 and 193.6 respectively during the spring and autumn. On treated plot with insecticides, the number of pests shaked off from 25 branches varied on average 40.6 in the spring and 65.4 in autumn.
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