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The evaluation of potential pathogenicity of A. hydrophila strains isolated from healthy fish was carried out on the basis of their ability to produce enterotoxins, beta — haemolysins and to haemagglutinate blood cells in humans and guinea pigs. The studies comprised 29 strains of A. hydrophila isolated from 67 fish from 6 fish — breeding stations in the Olsztyn province. No correlation was found between the ability of the examined strains to agglutinate human and guinea pig erythrocytes, and the enterotoxicity and hemolitic activity. Some correlation was found between the enterotoxicity of the strains and their hemolitic activity. Incubation of A. hydrophila strains at temp. 25°C allows to detect more enterotoxic strains (31% strains) than at temp. 37°C (13% strains).
Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica in vitro was determined simultaneously by means of three tests: production of piramidaze at 30°C, autoagglutination at 37°C and inhibition of growth on MOX agar medium plate at 37°C. The strains were collected from diseased people, a dead chinchilla and from healthy pigs and foxes after their slaughter. The findings showed that the test for piramidase production proved to have better usefulness to distinguish pathogenic strains from apathogenic ones. Pigs in contrast to foxes were found to be the reservoir of Yersinia enterocolitica strains pathogenic for man.
Considering the fact that certain phenotypic properties found in M. pachydermatis strains can indirectly indicate their pathogenicity, we have evaluated the morphological traits of the fungus (cell size and shape as well as colony type), expression of extracellular hydrolases (API-ZYM) and the activity of catalase, urease, casein, beta-glucosidase, phospholipase and the Tween hydrolases: 20, 40, 60 and 80. Considering the source of the analyzed strains’ origin as a differentiation criterium (animals clinically healthy and with otitis externa symptoms), it was found that the isolates obtained from the pathological material were generally (80%) characterized with a smooth growth type of light cream, large or medium-sized colonies, as well as high a activity of lipolytic enzymes, such as phospholipase and hydrolase Tween 80 and valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase and basic phosphatase. Determining a profile of M. pachydermatis phenotypic characteristics may substantially facilitate defining the pathogenicity of the strains isolated directly from the clinical material.
Parasitological examinations comprised above 20000 fish which were searched for parasitic nematoda of Anisakidae. It was evidenced that herrings were infected with anisakid larvae in 8%, cods and flatfish in 4% and the eelpouts in as many as in 52%. The species that prevails in these fish were: Anisakis simplex, Contracaecum osculatum C, Hysterothylacium auctum and Pseudoterranova decipiens, respectively. In direction of the bacteria pathogenic to man 765 fish were examined; in 38% there were found pathogenic strains such as coagulaso-positive staphylococci, even Salmonella and Shigella. Besides there were cultivated 109 strains of bacteria pathogenic to fish belonging to the genera: Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter and Moraxella. Virological evaluation comprised 527 fish, in that number Enteroviruses (Coxsackie, ECHO) were identified in 31 % fish and viral agent, likely to be pathogenic to fish in 8% specimens. Not a one case of infection with Ichthyophonus hoferi fungus in the herrings hitherto examined was noted.
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