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A new nematode species, Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. (Onchocercidae), is described from specimens found in the body cavity of the cane toad, Rhinella marina (Linnaeus) (Anura, Bufonidae), in the Laguna de Coyuca, Guerrero, in the Pacific slope of Mexico. The new species differs from the other nine species of Foleyellides by infecting bufonid anurans and by the number and arrangement of caudal papillae. Other distinguishing feature of the new species is the size of the left spicule (0.16–0.23 long), the smallest recorded among the species included in the genus. Foleyellides rhinellae sp. nov. is the second known species of the genus recorded from amphibians of Mexico.
Caligus uranoscopi Vaissière, 1955 (Copepoda, Caligidae) is redescribed based on specimens collected from the gill arches of red mullet, Mullus barbatus barbatus L., 1758, caught off the Algerian coast. Caligus uranoscopi is reported for the first time from the east coast of Algeria and M. barbatus barbatus is a newly recorded host for this parasite. The parasite is uncommon and may be restricted to Algerian coasts. Some remarks are given on the species of Caligidae known from Algeria.
Heterakis is a genus of parasitic nematodes, the majority of which are found in ground-feeding birds and only rarely in mammals. The best-known species is Heterakis spumosa, a parasite associated with the cosmopolitan invasive rodent Rattus rattus of Asiatic origin. Heterakis dahomensis was described in 1911 as a parasite of the Gambian giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus) from Benin (Africa), subsequently synonymized to H. spumosa by Hall (1916). The study of helminths in African rodents is scarce and patchy. Since the original description of H. dahomensis, there have been only a few reports from Africa of species belonging to the genus Heterakis and the validity of this species has never in fact been confirmed or rejected. In the present study individual Heterakis spp. were collected from C. gambianus from Senegal. The morphological data taken point to differences between Heterakis dahomensis and H. spumosa, specifically in the number of tail papillae in males and in the vulva cuticular processes of females. In addition, molecular data revealed differences between these taxa and so H. dahomensis should be considered as a valid species. Moreover, recent changes in the systematics of the genus Cricetomys mean that it is now necessary to study the morphology and genetics of the Heterakis specimens collected from Cricetomys spp. (previously assigned to C. gambianus) in order to determine their taxonomic status as either H. dahomensis o H. spumosa.
Globocephaloides wallabiae Johnston et Mawson, 1939, is resurrected as a valid species and is redescribed. G. wallabiae is distinguished from its closest congener, G. macropodis Yorke et Maplestone, 1926, by the spicules (length and tip) and pattern of the bursal rays. G. wallabiae occurs commonly in Macropus dorsalis (Gray, 1837) in north-eastern Queensland, but is also present in Petrogale mareeba Eldridge et Close, 1992 and P. assimilis Ramsay, 1877. By contrast, G. macropodis is found commonly in M. agilis (Gould, 1842) and P. persephone Maynes, 1982 in the Northern Territory and north-eastern Queensland, and occurs incidentally in other hosts, probably as a result of host-switching ((Aepyprymnus rufescens (Gray, 1837), P. brachyotis (Gould, 1841), P. inornata Gould, 1842, M. dorsalis, M. parryi Bennett, 1835, M. giganteus Shaw, 1790 and Largochestes conspicillatus Gould, 1842)). This morphological study, with additional host and geographical distributional data, provides support for the resurrection of the species.
Arion vulgaris is one of the most important slug pests of crop plants, and is extremely hard to control. We assessed the effectiveness of a slug pellets containing iron phosphate, compared with methiocarb- and metaldehyde-based molluscicides, and of the parasitic nematode P. hermaphrodita contained in the commercial bioproduct Nemaslug. The effect of various doses of these substances and the nematode in reducing slug damage to Chinese cabbage plants was evaluated in laboratory experiments. A reduction in slug numbers and plant damage was obtained following application of the molluscicides, and a reduction in plant damage following application of P. hermaphrodita (immersion of plant roots in the nematode-containing liquid). The results are of great practical significance, because they show that it is possible to reduce the recommended dose of iron phosphate (5 g/m2) by one half. Another important finding is that application of the nematode in the form of root immersion is more effective than spraying. The study demonstrates the usefulness of the nematode and of the iron phosphate molluscicide in protecting plants from A. vulgaris; this is of particular importance for crops on which the application of traditional molluscicides is not possible.
Two species of parasitic nematodes, Heliconema ahiri Karve, 1941 (Physalopteridae) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) anguillae Moravec et al., 2006 (Camallanidae), were recorded from the Indonesian shortfin eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor Mc-Clelland in the Chalakkudi River and Veli Lake, respectively, both Kerala, India. The former species (H. ahiri), rediscovered from eels in India after 82 years from its original description, has been redescribed and revalidated based on its specific feature (presence of groups of minute denticles in the mouth) distinguishing it from other congeners; its finding in A. b. bicolor represents a new host record. The latter species (P. anguillae) has been recorded in India for the first time. SEM examination of its first-stage larvae from uterus has shown that P. anguillae is another species of Procamallanus whose larvae possess a crown of digit-like processes at the tail tip.
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