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Biological damage brought about by free radical mediated mechanisms can be prevented either by specific chemical scavengers or by protective enzymes that neutralise the radicals or their precursors. Protection can also occur by repair of damage once it has occurred. This review summarises studies of the major biochemical defence mechanisms against oxidants and free radicals and the mechanisms that repair oxidatively damaged proteins. These mechanisms may be a field in the search for improved ways to inhibit parasite survival.
In presented research a method for remediation of MCPA contaminated soil based on the combination of fluidization process technique and ozone was utilized. Exposition of soil contaminated with MCPA at the concentration of 0,1 % w/w on the a mixture of air and ozone allowed for removal of over 90% of MCPA in form of MCPA 2-ethylhexanol-ester (MCPA 2-EHE) in laboratory conditions. The efficacy of the method was proven by GC-MS analysis of MCPA concentration profile during soil remediation procedure and by comparing of kinetic data, such as half life time, with the natural half life time of MCPA in the soil.
Strong oxidants are used in water treatment technology as disinfectants and/or technological factors. Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone and potassium permanganate are used as strong oxidants. However, application of the oxidants may lead to formation of undesired products. Much research has recently focused on identification of those products. Ozone has been primarily used for oxidation of specific admixtures of water (e.g. substances which made water taste or smell bad). Now it is also used to aid other technological unit processes such as coagulation, sorption on activated carbon etc. Ozonation is known to generate fruity odors in waters. This is caused by oxidation of humic substances and the formation of compounds with relatively low molecular weights. These compounds are usually described as ozonation by-products. The present paper reviews ozonation by-products, mechanisms of their formation, and their analysis.
On the basis of Gortel & Grendel (J. Exp. Med., 1925, 41, 439-494) discovery, the importance of the lipid bilayer as an integral and indispensible component of the cell membrane is discussed. In particular, attention focuses on the interaction between membranes and amphiphilic substances. The effect on membranes of quaternary ammonium salts, both in the form of pesticides and oxidants as well as organic compounds of tin and lead are discussed in greater detail.
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