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Experiments were performed in order to check whether biological activity of some organophosphorous compounds widely applied as herbicides: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (1) and its sodium salt (2), N- phosphonomethylglycine acid (3) and its sodium salt (4), diethyl 1-butylamino- l-cyclohexanephosphonate (5) and diethyl 9-butylamino-9-fluorenephosphonate (6) followed from their oxidative activity. The compounds studied differed in their polarity and hydrophobicity. On the contrary, it was found that all herbicides protected erythrocyte membranes against partial peroxidation induced by UV irradiation. The effect was somewhat differentiated and followed the sequence: 5>1>2>6>3>4. The observed differences between the antioxidative activities of the compounds are probably related to differences in their ability to incorporate into the lipid phase of the erythrocyte membrane. Once incorporated, they change fluidity of the membranes. The extent of the changes was determined in fluorescence measurements. Polarization and anisotropy coefficients of erythrocyte membranes modified by micromolar concentrations of herbicides at different temperatures were measured for that purpose. Generally, they followed the sequence found for antioxidative activity of the herbicides studied, which confirms the assumption of close correlation between the depth of incorporation of a herbicide into the erythrocyte membrane and its protective efficiency.
The adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetric method was proposed for the determination of fenitrothion [O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitro-m-tolyl)phosphorothioate]. The voltammetric response was evaluated in 0,04 mol -1 Britton-Robinson buffer with respect to the accumulation time and potential, and concentration dependence. The relationship between peak current and fenitrothion concentration was linear within the range of 1x10-8 – 1x10-6 mol l-1. In spiked water the detection limit of fenitrothion, estimated from 3 times the standard deviation, was 36 ng l-1. Interference from some other organophosphorus insecticides on the determination of fenitrothion were studied.
The studies were conducted in year 2003 on 5-6 year-old animals from private farms, located in the south-eastern part of Poland. The material for analyses consisted of 30 samples of storage (subcutaneous) fat and 30 samples of liver. The concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PC Bs) amounted to a mean of 0.0201 mg/kg fat, while individual values ranged from undetectable quantities to 0.077 mg/kg. The dominating compound (present in all the fat samples) proved to be p.p”-dichlorodiphenylene (p,p'DDE), the content of which ranged from 0.002 to 0.037 mgkg fat. No organophosphorus pesticides were found in liver samples.
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