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1

The comparison of the structure of humic acids from soil amended with different sources of organic matter

100%
Kwiatkowska-Malina J.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2015
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an essential soil constituent. The deficiency of SOM is an essential problem in many regions in Poland. Diversity of organic matter and the environment create varying structures and compositions, and thus differences in properties of humic substances (HS) especially humic acids (HAs). It was found that soil amendment with organic matter resulted in improving of soil and HAs properties compared with non-treatment ones. The results obtained provided the following evidences. With respect to HAs: an increasing content of carboxylic groups in HAs from amended soils; a major content of aromatic ring systems; higher carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and sulphur and lower oxygen contents comparing to the control; the addition of straw caused an increase of carbon content in HAs particles and, consequently a decrease of the C:H ratio; higher content of oxygen functional groups compared with non-treated ones. Organic matter from straw is more resistant to fast decomposition as compared to compost and it shows higher long-term sorption capacity. Therefore, straw may be an equivalent to natural sources of SOM in terms of agriculture and ecosystems protection.
2

Effect of organic amendments on water retention characteristic of Stagnic Gleysol soil

84%
Glab T., Gondek K.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2009
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
111-120
The utilization of municipal organic wastes in agricultural fields is gaining popularity as a waste disposal method and source of organic matter. Most sewage wastes contain valuable nutrients that could be used to improve soil fertility. Furthermore, beneficial changes may be seen not only in the chemical but also in the physical properties of soil. A field experiment was conducted in 2005 on Stagnic Gleysol soil where different organic amendments were applied, such as compost, pig manure, and sewage sludges from the sewage-treatment plants of Krzeszowice and Czernichów. The results were compared with mineral fertilizers and an untreated control. The amounts of all fertilizers were determined adequate to supply 110 kg N ha⁻¹. The pig manure and sewage sludges change the soil porosity in range of pores <50 μm in diameter. The application of these organic fertilizers decreases the volume of small pores (<0.005 μm) and increases porosity in the range 0.005-50 μm. This resulted in an increase in both available and productive water retention. The compost and mineral fertilizer application do not affect the air-water properties of Stagnic Gleysol.
3

The use of sewage sludge as an organic matter source in apple trees

84%
Bozkurt M. A., Yarilgac T., Yazici A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2010
|
tom 19
|
nr 2
267-274
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of different doses of sludge on fruit yield, growth, nutrition and heavy metal accumulation of apple trees on a calcareous soil 1999-2003. Sewage sludge was added to the soil at rates of 0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 kg tree-1. Manure was applied to the soil at a rate of 25 kg tree⁻¹. According to four-years data, cumulative application of sewage sludge to apple trees significantly increased fruit yield, trunk cross-sectional area, shoot growth and leaf N, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents at the end of the study. Leaf Ni slightly increased with sludge addition in 2003 only. The four-year results of this study indicated that repeated sewage sludge application to apple trees did not cause toxicity in leaves and fruits. However, long-term sewage sludge application may result in the accumulation of Zn, Cu and Ni in the soil and plant.
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