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1

Parvalbumin containing neurons of the piriform cortex in open field stress - a developmental study in the rat

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Badowska-Szalewska E., Klejbor I., Ludkiewicz B., Luczynska A., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
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2004
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tom 63
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nr 4
In our study we used c-Fos protein (as a marker of cellular activity) to identify whether cells containing parvalbumin (PV) in the piriform cortex (PC) are engaged in the response to stress stimulation and to discover how this expression changes during maturation. The material consisted of Wistar rats of postnatal (P) ages between 0 and 120 days divided into 9 groups: P0, P4, P7, P10, P14, P21, P30, P90, P120. Each group consisted of 5 experimental and 3 control animals. Rats of the experimental groups were exposed to the “open field test” throughout 10 minutes. The control animals were kept in a home cage. Our results showed that c-Fos activity in the open field test was observed in layers II and III of PC after birth. It then increased and stabilised on P30. In the second week of life PV-positive cells were also observed in those layers. These achieved maturity in the 4th week of life. After this time basket-like structures appeared but the level of PV/c-Fos co-localisation was low. Only small differences were observed between the anterior and posterior parts of PC. In the anterior part a higher number of PV-positive neurons, neuropil threads, and basket-like structures and a larger degree of PV/c-Fos co-localisation were observed. Our results suggested that during maturation PV cells are not directly activated in response to stress stimuli but PV neurons via their numerous endings influence the activation of c-Fos-positive cells predominantly in the anterior part of PC.
2

The influence of open field exposure on neurons containing nitric oxide synthase in the basolateral complex and paracapsular intercalated nerve cells of the rat amygdala

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Ludkiewicz B., Klejbor I., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Wojcik S., Luczynska A., Badowska-Szalewska E., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
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2004
|
tom 63
|
nr 4
Our intention in the present study was to ascertain whether NO-producing cells in the basolateral complex (BLC) and paracapsular intercalated nerve cell groups (Ip) of the amygdala are activated in the open field (OF) test. The material consisted of 8 adult rat brains. The OF test was applied throughout 10 min and 90 min before the death of the animals. The brain sections were double stained using the antibodies against c-Fos (marker of neuronal activation) and against nitric oxide synthase (NOS — marker of NO-producing cells). The neurons containing NOS and those revealing c-Fos activity constituted distinct populations within both the BLC and Ip but NOS-immunoreactive fibres often surrounded the c-Fos-immunoreactive neurons. Our results suggest that (1) neurons of the basolateral complex of the amygdala and paracapsular intercalated islands are involved but probably not crucial for the open field stress response and (2) NOS-immunoreactive cells in the BLC and Ip are not activated after OF exposure.
3

The influence of acute and chronic open-field exposure on the hippocampal formation: an immunohistochemical study

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Badowska-Szalewska E., Klejbor I., Dziewiatkowski J., Spodnik J. H., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
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2006
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tom 65
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nr 4
343-351
The hippocampus plays a role in new learning, memory and emotion and is a component of the neuroanatomical stress circuit. The structure is involved in terminating hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis responses to stress and attenuates stress responses by shutting off this axis. The immunoreactivity (-ir) of c-Fos, NGF and its receptor TrkA following acute and chronic open-field stress were studied in CA1-CA3 and the DG of the hippocampus. The material consisted of 21 male adult rats divided into three groups: nonstressed (control) animals and rats exposed to acute (15 min once) and chronic (15 min daily for 21 days) aversive stimulation (open-field exposure). The brains were stained with use of immunohistochemical methods for c-Fos, NGF or TrkA. In the animals exposed to acute open-field stress the number of c-Fos-, TrkAand NGF-ir cells was higher in all the structures studied than in the control animals. However they were differentiated only in c-Fos immunoreactivity. In the rats exposed to chronic open-field stress the number of c-Fos-ir cells in the structures of the hippocampal formation studied was smaller than in rats exposed to acute stress and was comparable to that in the control group. No differences were observed between the groups exposed to acute and chronic stress in the number of TrkA-ir cells in the structures under investigation. The number of NGF-ir neurons in CA1 and CA2 was lower after exposure to chronic than after exposure to acute stress but was still higher than that in the control group. Our findings indicate that neurons of CA1-CA3 and the DG are engaged in the stress response after acute as well as chronic open-field exposure. This is probably related to the important role of the hippocampus in processing new spatial information as well as in the habituation processes, although these appear to have different mechanisms.
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Neurotoxic effect of dermally-applied chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in Wistar rats

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Latuszynska J., Luty S., Raszewski G., Tokarska-Rodak M., Przebirowska D., Przylepa E., Haratym-Maj A.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
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2001
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tom 08
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nr 2
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