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1

Excretion of oleanolic acid glycosides to the medium from the roots of marigold [Calendula officinalis L.]

100%
Szakiel A., Ruszkowski D., Janiszewska W.
Polish Journal of Natural Sciences. Supplement
|
2003
|
tom 01
2
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Hairy root cultures of marigold (Calendula officinalis ) as a source of oleanolic acid glycosides

86%
Markowski M., Alsoufi A. S. M., Paczkowski C., Szakiel A., Dlugosz M.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
|
2015
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tom 96
|
nr 1
3

Production of oleanolic acid glycosides by hairy root established cultures of Calendula officinalis L.

86%
Dlugosz M., Wiktorowska E., Wisniewska A., Paczkowski C.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
2013
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tom 60
|
nr 3
In order to initiate hairy root culture initiation cotyledons and hypocotyls of Calendula officinalis L. were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 or the same strain containing pCAMBIA 1381Z vector with β-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of promoter of NIK (Nematode Induced Kinase) gene. The efficiency of induction of hairy roots reached 33.8% for cotyledons and 66.6% for hypocotyls together for both transformation experiments. Finally, eight control and nine modified lines were established as a long-term culture. The hairy root cultures showed the ability to synthesize oleanolic acid mainly (97%) as glycosides; control lines contained it at the average 8.42 mg·g-1 dry weight in tissue and 0.23 mg·dm-3 in medium; modified lines: 4.59 mg·g-1 for the tissue, and 0.48 mg·dm-3 for the medium. Additionally lines showed high positive correlation between dry/fresh weight and oleanolic acid concentration in tissue. Using the Killiani mixture in acidic hydrolysis of oleanolic acid glycosides released free aglycones that were partially acetylated in such conditions.
4

Competition between oleanolic acid glycosides in their transport to isolated vacuoles from Calendula officinalis leaf protoplasts

86%
Szakiel A., Janiszowska W.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
|
1992
|
tom 39
|
nr 1
5

Biosynthesis of oleanolic acid glycosides in protoplasts isolated from Calendula officinalis L. roots

72%
Ruszkowski D., Szakiel E., Auguscinska E., Janiszowska W.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2006
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tom 28
|
nr 3
Many medic inal plants contain oleanane saponins in roots, however, only scarce data on their biosynthesis in this organ are available so far, including our previous results concerning Calendula officinalis plant. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to confirm the presumable biosynthetic pathway of oleanolic acid glycosides in roots of young C. officinalis plants. First of all, the effective method of isolation of protoplasts from C. officinalis roots was established. Then, isolated root protoplasts were supplied with radioactive precursors, [2-¹⁴C] mevalonate (MV A) and [3-³H] oleanolic acid (OL) and their transformations were studied with comparison to results obtained with excised roots. The penetration of both precursors into protoplasts was more rapid and effective than in the case of excised roots. The labeling of sterols and OL during the incubation with MVA showed that the isoprenoid pathway leading to triterpenoids was operative in excised roots as well as isolated root protoplasts. Moreover, the transformations of OL into two seties of its glycosides, i.e. glucosides and glucuronides were investigated. It has been shown that both series of OL glycosides are synthesized in isolated root protoplasts in the same way as in excised roots of young marigold plants.
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