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Attitudes of older people towards health

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The implementation of positive transformations in the awareness and health behaviors of selected social groups requires identifying and analyzing their current attitudes towards health. The major objective of the study was to identify and present selected attitudes of older persons towards health. It was conducted with the method of a diagnostic survey amongst 106 respondents, with consideration given to gender of the surveyed. The greatest degree of respondents acceptance was reported in respect of such attitudes towards health as: hysteria, promotion, claiming, cult and Samaritan. As many as 90% of the respondents were identifying themselves with those attitudes. The gender was found to exert a significant effect only on differences in answers referring to the attitude of health promotion (autocreation).
Background. In case of many individuals, decrease of body mass is observed during aging, that is often in elderly living in nursing homes. It is especially important for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), when decrease of body mass, resulting in malnutrition. Objective. The aim of the study was the assessment of the quality of diet of AD individuals living at homes and in nursing homes, in comparison with a control group Material and methods. In the study participated 160 individuals with and without AD, living at home or in nursing homes. Assessment of diet of individuals living at homes was based on self-reported data from one-day dietary recall. Assessment of diet of individuals living in nursing homes was based on one-day menu from nursing homes accompanied by information about snacking between meals. The diets were assessed on the basis of qualitative meal classification method of Bielińska and Kulesza. Results. Individuals living in nursing homes consumed meals more often than living at homes, while AD did not have any impact on it. Individuals consuming fruits and vegetables not often enough were in all the groups, however, in case of individuals living at homes it was serious problem. Consuming animal products to almost all main meals was observed in case of many individuals in all analyzed groups. Composition of majority of main meals and small amount of lunches and afternoon snacks was rational. Conclusions. Improperly balanced diet following observed not only in a group of AD individuals but also of ones without dementia (both living at homes and in nursing homes), may result in dietary deficiencies.
In Poland the percentage of disabled individuals aged 0-14 years is 3.1%, while in the age group over 70 years it is as high as 45%. The article presents an attempt of a variant estimation of purchase costs of kitchen equipment for the disabled. Three hypothetical types of kitchen designs were investigated: low-budget, medium-budget and high-budget, respectively. Based on literature guidelines and a review of market prices it was established that the costs of the three kitchen design variants are approx. 6000 PLN (1240 €), 42 500 PLN (9870 €) and over 225 000 PLN (52 530 €). A high percentage of the total cost of kitchen equipment may be connected with specialised mechatronic equipment (up to 40% total kitchen cost). In the case of the cheapest kitchen variant a lack of expensive specialised equipment may be compensated by an appropriate layout of typical kitchen components.
The aim of the research is to determine potential differences in perceiving food products packaging with the tamper evident protection by consumers belonging to two age groups (young – up to 25 years old and older ones aged over 60). The empirical research connected to perceiving protection guaranteeing sanctity of the packed product by consumers, has been conducted by the direct questionnaire interviews on the sample n = 348 of the south-east Poland inhabitants. The results of the research about the experiences and feelings concerning the securities, which guarantee the sanctity of the food products packaging can be a feedback for manufactures in the context of differentiation of the packaging aimed at different consumer age groups.
The aim of the study was to analyze how demographic factors (such as gender, age and education period) and health factors (such as general health, problems with heart or digestion, diabetes) influence the choice of yoghurts among people aged 65+ and what kind of perceptions of functional foods are formed by the respondents. The study was carried out in Autumn 2003 in the group of 96 Warsaw citizens, without extreme visual and/or hearing impairments. The seniors were divided into experimental groups according to gender (48 women and 48 men) and age (65–74 years old and 75+, in equal proportions). In order to determine seniors’ perceptions of yoghurts a Repertory Grid Method (RGM) was used and empty packages of 5 functional and 2 conventional yoghurts were presented to the subjects in 3 triads. In general, health aspects and taste of yoghurts were the most important factors influencing the food choice, in particular for people who were overweight or obese or suffered from heart problems. Healthy yoghurts were seen by most seniors as natural products, without any additives or even fruits. However, the presence of other functional ingredients such as active biocultures, fibre or vitamins were perceived as additional benefit for health. Consequently, functional yoghurts were in general perceived as healthier than conventional ones. Health expectations of seniors (especially those with heart problems) were met if fat content in yoghurts was in the range of 0.0–1.0%. Therefore, functional yoghurts, being usually low fat, were often perceived by older people as having more proper fat content when compared to the conventional ones. Taste of yoghurts was not important regardless of the fact whether the product belonged to either functional or conventional yoghurts.
In order to evaluate the perception of convenience food by 96 elderly people aged 65 and over, an interview using the Repertory Grid Method (RGM) was carried out. Additionally, apart from the interview, some detailed information about the importance of nine factors influencing the respondents’ choice of foods when shopping and their attitudes towards food-related quality of life was collected. Half the respondents lived alone, and the others with at least one person in a common household. Five convenience vegetable soups and two conventional ones were used as experimental material. No taste assessment (i.e. sensory analysis) was done. The empty packages of soups or photographs were randomly presented to the respondents in three triads. As a result, 14 different constructs describing sensory, health and convenience properties were obtained. The constructs were then grouped into six classes of similar characteristics. This analysis showed that older people perceived the convenience food as less healthy and tasty than the traditionally made meals. Taste and health aspects were found to be crucial determinants for convenience food. There were no statistically significant differences in regard to sex and age for the 7 soups’ scores for the following attributes: tasty, convenient and healthy. Only the living situation had a significant influence on soups’ scores for the attribute convenient: those living alone considered all ready-made soups and a deep frozen one as more convenient in comparison to the people living with others. In general, people who were participating in this study were pleased with their food and meals. They rather did not see any problems, obstacles nor disappointments when thinking of their next meal. In consequence, they were not really interested in convenience food.
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Sposób żywienia w każdym wieku istotnie wpływa na organizm człowieka, a ludzie starsi, wraz ze swoimi tradycjami żywieniowymi, a także przebytymi chorobami, wymagają często specyficznej interwencji dietetycznej. Prawidłowy sposób żywienia jest ważnym elementem stylu życia, który może stać się czynnikiem sprzyjającym tzw. zdrowemu, pomyślnemu starzeniu się (ang. successful aging) i oddalać w czasie rozwój niezakaźnych, przewlekłych chorób metabolicznych diagnozowanych w największej liczbie wśród ludzi starszych. Choroby neurozwyrodnieniowe zakwalifikowane zostały do chorób przewlekłych o nadal kontrowersyjnej etiologii. Przypuszcza się jednak, że niektóre czynniki żywieniowe, jak odpowiednie spożycie witamin z grupy B, witamin antyoksydacyjnych oraz wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych może odgrywać istotną rolę w ich zapobieganiu i leczeniu. Dieta obfitująca w warzywa i owoce, pełnoziarniste pieczywo, mleko i produkty mleczne, zawierająca ryby, a także oleje roślinne oraz orzechy dostarcza wszystkich niezbędnych składników pokarmowych. Odpowiednie połączenie tych produktów spożywczych w potrawy, szeroko opisywane w literaturze jako dieta śródziemnomorska, sprzyja długiemu życiu w zdrowiu.
Wśród osób starszych z dwóch grup wiekowych (65-74 lat i powyżej 75 lat) analizowano problemy związane z zakupami i przygotowaniem posiłków. Najczęściej problemy dotyczyły wyboru produktów oraz „obsługi i wsparcia" ze strony personelu w sklepie. Nie stwierdzono problemów z przechowywaniem żywności, ponieważ osoby starsze robiły często małe zakupy w pobliskim sklepie spożywczym.
Dokonano przeglądu piśmiennictwa z zakresu somatometrii stosowanej do pomiaru stanu odżywienia. Omówiono pomiary wysokości i masy ciała, grubości fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych, obwodów ramienia, talii i bioder, szczególnie osób starszych i niepełnosprawnych. Przedstawiono sposoby wyliczania najczęściej stosowanych wskaźników antropometrycznych oraz ich interpretację.
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