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The aim of this study was to evaluate results of induction of the parturition with small doses of oxytocine in 9 mares. All inductions were carried out in mares after 335 days of gestation with clinically confirmed physical readiness for delivery. Initial dose of oxytocine for parturition induction was estimated as 10 to 15 iu. as an i.v. bolus. Total dose of oxytocine, the time from the initial dose of this hormone to onset of the consecutive stages of the labour and the vitality of the offspring were analysed. In 7 mares, initial dose of oxytocine from 10 i.u.to 15 i.u. was sufficient to develop properly all stages of the parturition. In this cases, the time from initial dose of oxytocine to the end of II stage of labour was varying from 25 to 40 min. In 2 other cases, according to insufficient labour pains, second dose of oxytocine was used, consequently 6 i.u. in the first and 20 i.u. in the second mare. In this cases manual help during II and III stages of labour was performed. All newborns during post partem examination had a high vitality score. Summing up, in mares in which the induction of parturition was carried out close to the term of the natural labour, the initial dose 10-15 i.u. of the oxytocine as an i.v. injection, is sufficient to initiate parturition with the course similar to the natural one and remaining chances to farther control its consecutive stages.
The aim of the research was to monitor the influence of neonatal thymectomy on the reactivity of chicken spleen structures. The investigations were carried out on chickens with the thymus removed on the 1st day after hatching and with antigen administered in the form of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) at the age of 12 weeks. On days 6, 14 and 21 after antigen administration the spleen was taken out and histological slides were prepared. On the established area of HE slides germinal centres were counted and mature centres of type I and immature ones of type II were distinguished. Reaction to the acid phosphatase (APh) was done by the Gomori method. The results of the reaction was read on the established area within the periarterial lymphatic tissue (PAL) using the Thomson point method. It was found that neonatal thymectomy leads to a decrease in the number of germinal centres and simultaneously to the reduction of the intensity of APh reaction within the spleen PAL. Following immunization of the thymectomized chickens, in comparison to the control (group) a change of kinetics of germinal centers formation was discovered, mainly of type I. It was ascertained that in the succeeding days after the antigen administration the intensity of APh reaction within PAL was directly proportional to the number of immature germinal centres of type II. The results demonstrated a distinct association between the bursodependent and thymodependent spleen structures reactivity and confirmed the importance of the functional state of the thymus.
In the last quarter century, new neurobiological functions of oxytocin (OXY) have been documented. Apart from the important hormonal roles of OXY in the reproductive system (parturition, lactation), it also acts as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator via specific oxytocin receptors(OXYR) in different central nervous structures and peripheral tissues. A high density of OXYR in nervous structures has been confirmed in the amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, striatum, septum, spinal cord, and prefrontal cerebral cortex, which are responsible for states of tension and high emotional intensity, as well as in the adrenal gland – the terminal segment of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-adrenal axis. OXY is a particularly important neurohormone in the physiopathology of social behaviours and mental states, such as fear, anxiety, aggression, depression, schizophrenia, and autism in humans. The anti-stress and anxiolytic effects of OXY are based mainly on its antagonistic influence on Glu and DA, and on its stimulating influence on the GABAergic central inhibitory system. In addition, OXY inhibits cortisol and CA (stress hormones) release from the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland during stress.
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