The structure and function of the epidural cavernous sinus and carotid rete (epidural cavernous sinuscarotid rete), located in the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone, named by physiologists the perihypophyseal vascular complex was described. New new facts questioning the role of this vascular complex in the regulation of brain temperature was presented. However, its role in the recently discovered retrograde transfer of neurohormones (GnRH, oxytocin, β-endorphin, dopamine) from venous blood outflowing from the brain and hypophysis to the arterial blood supplying the brain and hypophysis as well as dependence of this transfer on the stage of reproductive processes in females was shown. Moreover, the participation of perihypophyseal vascular complex in the recently discovered destination transfer of male feromone from venous nasal blood to the arterial blood supplying the brain and hypophysis was presented. It was concluded that the perihypophyseal vascular complex plays a significant role in retrograde transfer of brain and hypophyseal neuropeptides and in the destination transfer of feromenes from the nasal cavity to the brain and hypophysis by humoral pathway. Both these processes participate in the regulation of reproduction in females.
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