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Despite great advances in new technologies for breeding and rearing fish, little progress is noted in prophylactic technologies for spawners, particularly those used in carp rearing. The condition and non-specific immunity of males and females has a decisive impact on the quality and fertilization of spawn, on the course of rearing larvae and fry in the first weeks of life, and on the subsequent stages of rearing. The aim of the current study was to determine the level of lysosome and ceruloplasmin activities and on the level of gamma globulin in the females of three carp lines reared in Poland- starzawski, zatorski, and węgierski. The results of the study indicated unequivocally that the highest non-specific humoral immunity potential was noted in the females from the starzawski line. The highest statistically significant levels of lysosome and gamma globulin activity were noted in selects from this line in comparison to those of the zatorski or węgierski lines. However, no significant differences were noted in the ceruloplasmin activities or total protein levels among the lines studied. This informs the direction of further study, which should focus on identifying lines and their cross-breeds that have the highest potential immunity to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
The aim of the study was to determine the influence of meloxicam a nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug, on nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms in cows. Ten heifers in two groups (experimental and control) were examined. Meloxicam was given once only to the experimental group during the course of the study. The levels of lysozyme activity and total protein as well as ceruloplasmine, gamma globulin and metabolic activity (RB A), the killing activity of macrophages (PKA) and proliferate response of lymphocyte were measured in the blood. The results indicate the immunosuppressive effect of Meloxicam on nonspecific cellular and humoral responses which, in practice, could appear as an increased sensitivity to infection, a decrease in post-vaccine immunity as well as the occurrence of various asymptomatic infections.
The cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), genus Cyprinivirus, family Alloherpesviridae, order Herpesvirales, is the etiological agent of a lethal disease in common carp (Cyprinis carpio) and koi carp (Cyprinis carpio koi). Since its emergence in the early twenty-first century, diseases induced by CyHV-3 caused severe economic losses in common carp in Poland. The Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn with the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn developed several methods for diagnosing and preventing CyHV-3 in carp culture. This study focuses on the impact of CyHV-3 on nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms following experimental infection and in pond culture. The results indicated that CyHV-3 decreases myeloperoxidase levels in neutrophils, lysozyme activity in pronephros and serum, and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in serum. The ceruloplasmine activity was statistically higher in sick carp as compared to the control carp that were free of CyHV-3. The present results suggest that CyHV-3 decreases the neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes activities to produce nonspecific humoral factors.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan added to feed on meat performance traits and non-specific humoral immunity parameters in lambs. The experiment was performed on 26 suckling Kamieniecka lambs, divided into two equal groups, control (I) and experimental (II), each composed of 7 males and 6 females. Over a 60-day experimental period the concentrate for lambs of the experimental group was supplemented with β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan. The following meat performance traits were determined: body weight, daily gains, growth rate, measurements of a transverse slice of musculus longissimus, thickness of skin with the fat layer and thickness of fat over the loin eye. The serum levels of non-specific humoral immunity parameters, i.e. lysozyme activity, gamma globulins and total protein, were also determined. The results indicated that dietary supplementation with β-1.3/1.6-D-glucan positively affected both meat performance and non-specific humoral defense mechanisms in suckling lambs. This was confirmed by a faster growth rate, better development of the longissimus muscle, as well as higher lysozyme activity and elevated levels of gamma globulins.
The aim of the study was to determine the impact of different doses of 1,3-1,6-β-D glucan (Leiber-Beta S, Germany) on the results of rearing and the non-specific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms in whitefish reared in a closed system. The study material comprised fry with a mean body weight of 21.2 g and a mean body length of 12.4 cm. The experiment was 129 days long. Three feeding treatments were applied: control group (K) - standard feed without the addition of glucan; group G-200 with the addition of Leiber-Beta S glucan at a dose of 200 g per ton of feed; group G-500 with the addition of Leiber-Beta S glucan at a dose of 500 g per ton of feed. No significant differences were noted among the treatment groups with regard to growth or feed conversion ratio. In comparison to the control group, statistically significant increases in macrophage phagocytic activity and in T and B lymphocyte proliferation were noted in the fish fed dietary treatments with the addition of glucan. Simultaneously, statistically significant increases in lyzozyme activity and in serum Ig levels were noted in comparison with those in the control groups. However, no significant differences were noted between the doses of 200 and 500 g of glucan per ton of feed. The results of this study indicate that the application of Leiber-Beta S glucan stimulates the non-specific defense mechanisms in whitefish at doses of 200 and 500 g per ton of feed.
Nutritional support is important for optimum health in fish as it provides the building blocks of innate defense mechanisms and thus protection against infectious diseases. In the present study, we determined the influence of β-glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S) delivered with food on the nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms in fingerling carp. The fish weighed 15-17 g. Four tanks in a recirculation system were stocked with 100 fish each. The water temperature was 20-22°C. The fish were fed daily with commercial pellets containing β-glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S) at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg per kg of pellets. The feed was prepared by the carp protocol used at the Inland Fisheries Institute. The control group was fed glucan-free pellets. On days 14 and 30 of the experiment, blood was drawn from 10 fish from each group and the nonspecific humoral defense mechanism parameters were examined. The results showed that β -glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S) at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg per kg of pellets increased the myeloperoxidase activity in blood leukocytes and lysozyme activity in the serum. Total protein and immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were also increased in the serum. The optimal stimulating effect was observed following 30 days of application at a dose of 200 mg of β-glucan (Leiber ®Beta-S) on kg of pellets in fingerling carp.
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