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The issue of professional activity of the elderly is currently the subject of intense debate. The projected decline in the population of young people makes it necessary to raise the level of professional involvement of the more mature part of the labour force. The increase in the economic activity of people aged 50+ is seen as an opportunity to preserve the continuity of economic growth. This paper explores the issue of the possibility of utilising the professional potential of elderly people in the context of the construction of silver economy, paying attention to the possible benefi ts stemming from the implementation of its principles.
Subject and purpose of work: This paper deals with the issues of occupational activation of economically inactive persons. Its objective is to provide the reader with an outline of labour market problems and the situation of the economically inactive population*. Persons who qualify neither as employed or as unemployed potentially constitute an untapped labour potential. The focus in this paper is on economically inactive persons and the reasons they do not seek employment, in order to better understand, first, the causes behind such a low occupational activity and, second, the possible remedial measures. In view of the urgent need for reintegrating persons outside the labour force with the labour market, it appears of utmost importance to identify the reasons for their situation. The fact that nearly 5.02 million working-age Poles remain economically inactive (accounting for nearly 22.0% of the whole working-age population) indicates how huge their potential may be. Special attention will be paid to groups of potential workers who have barely marked their presence on the labour market. One such group is formed by over 2.35 million individuals who are outside the labour market for reasons unrelated to health or retirement age. Materials and methods: The analysis is based on the annual and quarterly Labour Force Survey (LFS) data provided by Statistics Poland, and data originating from the Local Data Bank. To facilitate a wider discussion, the statistical data presented in the article cover a multi-annual perspective. This information is supplemented with research results obtained by other authors. Use is made of different methods of data analysis, including a descriptive analysis – to determine the underlying figures regarding the number of economically inactive persons; a dynamics analysis – to identify changes that occurred in 2006-2019 in the figures determined in the descriptive analysis; and a comparative analysis – to assess trends regarding economically inactive persons by comparing selected data with those that have been recently recorded in other EU countries. Results: The scale of economic inactivity in 2016-2019 is assessed on the basis of statistical data presented in tables and figures regarding economically inactive persons by the most common reason for inactivity. The analytical part of this paper features thematic blocks/detailed analyses of the demographic situation, the level and breakdown of economically inactive persons, and changes in their numbers that have taken place in recent years. Conclusions: The constantly declining working-age population, coupled with the low level of occupational activity in some age groups, should encourage decision-makers to design adequate labour market policies/programmes to support the occupational activity of Poles. Labour supply improvements
Efficiency of L-carnitine endogenous biosynthesis in humans depends on the presence of cofactors of numerous enzymatic reactions. Among others, the role of cofactor is played by vitamin C and vitamin B6. The objective of our study was to evaluate the influence of vitamins C and B6 stores on plasma carnitine level in healthy humans. The examined group consisted of 52 healthy volunteers. Total (TC) and free (FC) carnitine, ascorbic acid (AA) in plasma and indices of vitamin B6 in plasma and in erythrocytes were determined. Mean TC was 52.2 ± 10.7 mmol/1 and FC 44.4 ± 9.5 mmol/1. Mean AA was 0.4 ± 0.3 mg/dl. In 40% of examined group AA levels were out of the reference range. B6 indices in plasma and erythrocytes were 1.21 ± 0.23 and 1.42 ± 0.33, respectively. Vitamin C and vitamin B6 did not influence carnitine plasma levels, that confirms the marginal role of endogenous biosynthesis in the carnitine balance in healthy subjects. Moreover, a significant distribution of vitamin C deficiency was found in the evaluated population.
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