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Rape seed damage occurring in the course of harvest and the post-harvest processing have a negative effect on the quality and quantity of oil the seeds contain. The study presented here was aimed at examining the typical process of purchasing and processing of rape seed in fat industry plants, in the aspect of the occurrence of mechanical damage to the seeds. Special attention was paid to the condition of rape seed immediately after combine harvesting; next, the successive stages of technological processing of the seed were examined, observing the operation parameters of the particular machinery and equipment in order to identify those operations which caused deterioration in the quality of the material (seeds). Seed samples were taken successively from the following: the hopper, prior to cleaning, after cleaning, prior to drying, after drying, from dry rape silo. The total level of damage increased through the processing until the drying operation, following which the proportion of damaged seeds slightly decreased. The content of unusable contaminants had a tendency to decrease in the successive operations, though the actual values still exceeded levels permitted by standards.
The main aim of this study was to broden the knowledge of the raw material improvement through applying new technology of harvesting and post harvesting treatment of rape seeds. Knowing the range of variability of physical properties of rape, studies were undertaken to adjust the existing agricultural machines to new specific rape varieties in order to diminish the quantitative losses of seeds during the ripening of seed harvesting and in order to apply such parameters of combine- harvester subassamblies to minimize the damage of seeds. The reasons of the seed damage during the after-harvesting treatment were looked for and, apart from this, the quality of the raw material as well as the quality of the products obtained from it, knowing the previous damage, were evaluated. Such a complex study of this problem, no only, allowed us to complete the knowledge in this respect but also to draw practical conclusions, which entitles us to apply the results in the production as well as to propose new or modified technological treatments. These multi-factorial problems, as well as the interdependence between many properties of the studied material, have been presented in more detailed publications included in the following volume, devoted to one problem. The references are also presented in these papers pertaining to all the questions presented in the present article which introduces the problems and contents of the subsequent publications.
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