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Engineering geodesy deals with a wide range of problems. There is also a part that deals with measuring displacements and deformations of engineering objects. Correct geodetic monitoring requires identifying the movement of points representing an engineering object in order to determine displacement values, taking into account the time function. The paper presents the results of research on kinematic models of geodetic networks in the aspect of using them for describing the state of vertical displacements of engineering objects located on expansive soil. The paper presents two functional models of an observation system: one in the form of a second rank polynomial and the other in the form of an exponential function. The selected kinematic models of measurement-control geodetic networks were estimated with classic methods and neural networks.
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The problem of the automobile course stability is considered. The change of the car steerability based on the analysis of non linear bicycl model is analyzed. Generalized dependence determining “the steerability curve” is obtained. Conditions which caused the loss of stability with increasing speed while moving within the constant radius circle regarding the bifurcation set are analyzed.
The temperature-dependent development of Hemiptarsenus zilahisebessi Erdös (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a biological control agent of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was studied in the laboratory at seven constant temperatures (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C, and 40°C) with a relative humidity of 65% and a photoperiod of 16L:8D h.. The total developmental time (egg to adult) decreased significantly with increasing temperature, and there was no development at 10°C or at 40°C. Linear and nonlinear models were used to describe the relationship between developmental rate (1/days) and temperature (°C), and to determine developmental thresholds. Using a linear model, the lower temperature threshold (zero development) was estimated to be 8.94°C for males and 9.02°C for females, and the thermal constant (K) was 147.1 degree-days (DD) for males and 156.3 DD for females. Among the nonlinear models examined, the Briere-1 and Briere-2 models were accepted on the basis of goodness-of-fit to the data (residual sum of squares and coefficient of determination) and estimable temperature thresholds (T0, Topt and Tmax). These models gave the best description of the temperature-dependent development of H. zilahisebessi. Temperature-based development models can be useful in designing massrearing protocols, in helping to make decisions in augmentative release trials, and in the development of predictive modelling.
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