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Analysis of the occurrence of dietary and non-dietary factors of fracture risk in relation to bone mineral density in women

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Sobas K., Wadolowska L., Slowinska M. A., Czlapka-Matyasik M., Niedzwiedzka E.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria
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2010
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tom 09
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nr 3
373-382
Background. This study analysed the correlation between characteristic dietary and non- dietary factors of fracture risk in women and mineral density of bone tissue (BMD). Material and methods. The study involved examination of 172 women, aged between 32 and 59. Calcium intake from a daily diet was determined with the use of the semiquantitative food consumption frequency method. The physical activity of the women was expressed in MET-minutes/week. BMD was determined by double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The frequency of bone fracture and osteoporosis risk factors was determined and a 10-year risk of fracture (RB-10) was individually diagnosed according to the WHO and IOF criteria (2007). A high level of fracture risk (RB-10 > 14%) was assumed according to the Johnell's algorithm [2005], Results. The most frequent factors of fracture risk in women included: bone pains (76% of the total sample), inadequate calcium intake (43%), smoking (24%), previous fractures (24%), incidence of chronic diseases (22%), menstrual disorders (19%), family history of osteoporosis (17%), low physical activity (15%) and the incidence of thyroid disorders (10%). 85% of women had at least one factor of 10-year absolute risk of fracture. None of the examined women consumed a sufficient amount of calcium and the average calcium intake level was low (median of about 400 mg/day). Bone mineral density did not reveal any relationship with current intake of calcium by women, but depended on the consumption of dairy products in the past. Conclusions. Daily consumption of dairy products in childhood and in the school period was conductive to a higher mineral density of bone tissue in women. Advanced age and the occurrence of menstrual disorders were conductive to a lower mineral density of bone tissue in women. Women with low bone mineral density (lower BMD tertile) more frequently used supplementation with preparations containing calcium (25%) and more often had at least one RB-10 risk factor (93% of the sample).
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Influence of non-dietary factors on the prevalence of abdominal obesity as a major component of the metabolic syndrome among 17-18-year-old youth

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Piotrowska E., Broniecka A., Biernat J., Wyka J., Bronkowska M.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2015
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tom 66
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nr 1
Background. Youth nutrition and their nutritional status are conditioned by many factors, some of the main ones being: economic, social, climatic, cultural, and psychological factors as well as nutritional knowledge. With the growing problem of overweight and obesity among children and young people, the incidence of the metabolic syndrome is also increasing. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of demographic, sociological and psychological factors on the incidence of obesity among 17–18-year-old adolescents from Wroclaw and vicinity as a major risk factor for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in three upper-secondary schools in Wroclaw, Poland. In the surveyed group (17-18 years old, n = 269) girls accounted for 59.5% and boys constituted 40.5%. Majority of young people were Wroclaw citizens (72.9%). Centile charts elaborated by the Children’s Memorial Health Institute were adopted for the evaluation of anthropometric parameters. Evaluation of the impact of non-dietary factors on the manner of nutrition was carried out using own questionnaire. Results. Based on the tests, abdominal obesity was determined among 34.5% of adolescents aged 17 years and among 65.5% of these aged 18 years. Obesity was more common in girls carrying genetic burden of the disease. Youth with the largest waist circumference most often declared to use slimming diets - 6.7%, and the lowest hunger sensation in stress - 3.4%. In addition, 30.5% of the adolescents with the smallest waist circumference and 11.5% with the largest waist circumference declared to be non-smoking. Occasional alcohol consumption was declared by 30.1% of young people with the smallest waist circumference, and 13.4% with the largest waist circumference. Conclusions. Youth with abdominal obesity significantly more likely than those with normal waist circumference applied slimming diets. Significant impact on the formation of abdominal obesity among girls had inherited disease burden.
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Do and to what extent non-dietary factors affect nutritional habits of men with coronary heart disease?

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Solik-Tomassi A., Harton A., Narojek L., Myszkowska-Ryciak J., Gajewska D.
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
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2010
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tom 04
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nr 1
4

Helicobacter pylori infection can modulate the susceptibility of gastric mucosa cells to MNNG

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Arabski M., Kazmierczak P., Wisniewska-Jarosinska M., Morawiec Z., Morawiec-Bajda A., Klupinska G., Drzewoski J., Chojnacki J., Blasiak J.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
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2006
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tom 11
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nr 4
The pathogenesis of stomach cells can be associated with their susceptibility to exogenous dietary irritants, like nitrosamines such as dimethylnitrosamines (DMNA), and to the effects of non-dietary factors, including Helicobacter pylori infection. We used N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidyne (MNNG) as a surrogate agent that induces a spectrum of DNA damage similar to DMNA. Using the alkaline comet assay, we showed that antioxidants--vitamins C and E, quercetin, and melatonin--reduced the genotoxic effect of MNNG in H. pylori-infected and non-infected human gastric mucosa cells (GMCs). To compare the sensitivity of the stomach and the blood, the experiment was also carried out in peripheral blood. We observed a higher level of DNA damage induced by MNNG in H. pylori-infected than in noninfected GMCs. We did not note any difference in the efficacy of the repair of the damage in either type of GMC. H. pylori infection may play an important role in the pathogenesis of GMCs, as it can modulate their susceptibility to dietary mutagens/carcinogens, thus contributing to gastric cancer.
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