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1
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Toxic cyanobacteria blooms in the Lithuanian part of the Curonian Lagoon

100%
Paldaviciene A., Mazur-Marzec H., Razinkovas A.
Oceanologia
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2009
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tom 51
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nr 2
203-216
The phenomenon of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms in the Baltic and the surrounding freshwater bodies has been known for several decades.The presence of cyanobacterial toxic metabolites in the Curonian Lagoon has been investigated and demonstrated for the first time in this work (2006–07). Microcystis aeruginosa was the most common and widely distributed species in the 2006 blooms. Nodularia spumigena was present in the northern part of the Curonian Lagoon, following the intrusion of brackish water from the Baltic Sea; this is the first time that this nodularin-(NOD)-producing cyanobacterium has been recorded in the lagoon.W ith the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), four microcystins (MC-LR, MC-RR, MC-LY, MC-YR) and nodularin were detected in 2006.T he presence of these cyanobacterial hepatotoxic cyclic peptides was additionally confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and protein phosphatase inhibition assay (PP1).Micr ocystin-LR, the most frequent of them, was present in every sample at quite high concentrations (from <0.1 to 134.2 μg dm−3).I n 2007, no cyanobacterial bloom was recorded and cyanotoxins were detected in only 4% of the investigated samples.A comparably high concentration of nodularin was detected in the northern part of the Curonian Lagoon.I n one sample dimethylated MC-RR was also detected (concentration 7.5 μg dm−3).
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Stability of cyanotoxins, microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR and nodularin in seawater and BG-11 medium of different salinity

100%
Mazur H., Plinski M.
Oceanologia
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2001
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tom 43
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nr 3
329-339
Microcystins and nodularin are potent hepatotoxins produced by fresh and seawater cyanobacteria.T he persistence of three hepatotoxins – microcystin-LR, microcystin-RR and nodularin – was investigated in sterile BG-11 medium of different salinity and in water collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk.After 21 days of incubation at 17±1◦ C and constant illumination of about 40 μmol photon m−2 s−1 the concentration of toxins decreased by about 30–37%.N o significant changes in toxin concentration in the BG-11 media of different salinity were observed. When toxins were incubated in non-sterile seawater, their concentrations decreased markedly.It is likely that some strains of bacteria are responsible for the breakdown of the toxins.No dularin turned out to be more resistant to biodegradation than the two microcystins.The influence of certain components of cyanobacteria cells on the accelerated rate of toxin degradation was also considered.
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Cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, microcystins and nodularins, in fresh and brackish waters of the Pomeranian Province, Northern Poland

100%
Mazur-Marzec H., Spoof L., Kobos J., Plinski M., Meriluoto J.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
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2008
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tom 37
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nr 4
3-21
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Effect of two different Nodularia spumigena extracts on Danio rerio egg mortality and hatching time

100%
Tyminska A., Mazur-Marzec H., Graczyk M., Plinski M.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
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2005
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tom 34
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nr Suppl.3
5
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Toxic Nodularia spumigena blooms in the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk: a ten-year survey

100%
Mazur-Marzec H., Krezel A., Kobos J., Plinski M.
Oceanologia
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2006
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tom 48
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nr 2
In the Baltic Sea, summer blooms of the filamentous, nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena are favoured by high P concentrations at low N:P ratios and a salinity range of 5–13 PSU. The blooms are initiated by calm and sunny weather, an elevated surface water temperature and thermal stratification. The mass occurrence of N. spumigena in coastal waters is a matter of special concern, as the cyanobacterium produces nodularin, a potent pentapeptide hepatotoxin. In the Gulf of Gdańsk, the large-scale occurrence of N. spumigena was recorded for the first time in 1994. Blooms of a similar intensity occurred in 2001, 2003 and 2004. Nodularin concentrations in freeze-dried bloom samples varied from 0.01 to 4.01 mg g−1 d.w. In the coastal waters of the Gulf of Gdańsk, cell-bound nodularin concentrations in 2004 and 2005 attained maxima of 25 852±107 μg dm−3 and 3964±125 μg dm−3, respectively. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of diverse Nodularia forms, with the dominance of curved filaments in bloom samples. The results of in situ studies and remote sensing measurements indicate a high frequency and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the last ten years.
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Do toxic cyanobacteria blooms pose a threat to the Baltic ecosystem?

80%
Mazur-Marzec H., Plinski M.
Oceanologia
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2009
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tom 51
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nr 3
293-319
Cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae, are oxygenic, photosynthetic prokaryotes. They occur naturally in many fresh, marine and brackish waters worldwide and play an important role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. In their long history, cyanobacteria have developed structures and mechanisms that enable them to survive and proliferate under different environmental conditions. In the Baltic Sea, the mass development of cyanobacteria is compounded by a high level of eutrophication. The dominant species in the Baltic, the filamentous Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and Nodularia spumigena, can fix dissolved atmospheric N2, as a result of which they can outcompete other phytoplankton organisms. Heterocystous, filamentous cyanobacteria also make a significant contribution to the internal nutrient loading in the Baltic. The blooms of N. spumigena are of particular concern, as this cyanobacterium produces nodularin (NOD), a hepatotoxic peptide. The concentration of the toxin in the sea is regulated mainly by dilution with uncontaminated water, photolysis, sorption to sediments and microbial degradation. The transfer of the toxin in the Baltic trophic chain through zooplankton, mussels, fish and birds has been reported, but biodilution rather than bioconcentration has been observed. Cyanobacterial blooms are thought to pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. Their harmful effects are related to the occurrence of a high biomass, oxygen depletion, a reduction in biodiversity, and the production of toxic metabolites.
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Cyanobacterial toxins in fresh and brackish waters of Pomorskie Province [Northern Poland]

80%
Mazur H., Lewandowska J., Blaszczyka A., Kot A., Plinski M.
Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies
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2003
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tom 32
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nr 1
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