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The influence of different doses of nitrogen applied in the sewage sludge and mineral fertilizers on the content and uptake of Mo, Fe, B, Mn, Se and Ti by willow (Salix viminalis) was investigated. In the field experiment the willow was cultivated on the objects fertilized with sewage sludge which contained the nitrogen in following doses in kg ha⁻¹: 100, 150 and 200. Also the objects with mineral nitrogen contained 150 kg N ha⁻¹, phosphorus and potassium in doses where the ratio N:P:K was equal 1:0.35:1 was used. The content of Mo and Fe in willow’s branches cultivated on the objects fertilized with sewage sludge was the highest after use of the smallest dose of nitrogen (100 kg N ha⁻¹). The content of Se, Ti and Mn in investigated biomass of willow branches was the highest after use of sewage sludge in the highest dose (200 kg N ha⁻¹). The content of boron marked in studied branches did not depend on applied fertilization. The total uptake of marked vestigial chemical elements by the biomass of willow in period 3 years of experiment was the most often highest on objects fertilized with the highest dose of sewage sludge (200 kg N ha⁻¹). The most of Fe, B and Ti taken willow cultivated in second year, however Mo, Mn and Se in third year of experiment.
In two successive pot experiments with lettuce cv. ‘Królowa Majowych’, conducted in a phytotron, this study investigated the effect of cool white fluorescent light (FRS) at a PPFD 200 ȝmol·m-2·s -1 and red-blue LED light at a PPFD of 200 and 800 ȝmol·m-2·s -1 on photosynthesis, yield, leaf area, SLA, and the content of photosynthetic pigments, total N and nitrates. Experimental plants were grown in sphagnum peat supplemented with full-strength Hoagland’s solution at the beginning of the experiment. 10 days after plants were pricked out, 4 experimental series were made which differed in the form of N supplied to the growing medium at a rate of 420 mg (2N): 1) Hoagland’s solution (control); 2) Hoagl + 2N-NO3; 3) Hoagl + 2N-NH4; 4) Hoagl + 2N-NH4/NO3. The obtained results showed that the lettuce leaf yield under FRS light was distinctly higher than under LED light at a PPFD of 200, and in particular at 800 ȝmol·m-2·s -1. Besides, the leaves grown under FRS light showed a significantly thinner leaf blade (SLA) and a lower content of photosynthetic pigments, total N and nitrates. The photosynthetic rate was higher under LED light relative to FRS light. Different nutrition of plants with N-NO3, N-NH4 and N-NH4/NO3 had a similar effect on the yield and analysed traits of lettuce leaves, regardless of the type of light and the level of irradiation with LED light. LED lamps seem to be a very promising light source for plants, but they require further research on how to adapt the spectral distribution of light to their requirements.
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Fluxes of nitrogen within deciduous fruit trees

72%
Nitrogen (N) nutrition is a major means of controlling growth and fruiting of trees. In EU Countries, society’s expectations and political decisions have pushed for the adoption of sustainable ways to manage orchards. Guidelines for N management aim to limit fertiliser applications under threshold limits, in order to reduce N losses. Increasing the effectiveness of the recycling of the N present in the orchard is a basic step to reduce external N inputs. The availability of the stable isotope ¹⁵N as experimental tool has made possible significant advances in the knowledge of the fluxes of N at tree and orchard level. This paper discusses the N fluxes occurring within the tree both between the years and within the year (root-shoot-root N recycle) and their role in the vegetative and reproductive cycle of fruit trees.
In presented study the efficiency of bacteria preparations and growth regulators applied to one variety and mixed crops (barley + pea) depended on the level of nitrogen nutrition. Applying of Rhizobacterin on one variety barley crop against the background of 60 kg N·ha⁻¹ resulted in a maximum yield, while the maximum yield of pea was obtained after applying of Sapronit at dose of 30 kg N·ha⁻¹. At mixed crops the highest yield of plants was achieved when two components of the mixture (Saprofit + Rhizobacterin) were applied together with 30 kg N·ha⁻¹. Epin efficiency on one variety crop was the highest without N application whereas the second growth regulator Homobrassinolid was most effective at the background of 60 kg N·ha⁻¹. On the objects without nitrogen fertlization maximum increase of barley yield in mixed crop was noted after inoculation of pea seeds with Epin preparation. Whereas Homobrassinolid caused the highest increase of barley yield in variant without pea seed inoculation.
The efficiency of bacteria preparations and growth regulators applied into one variant and mixed crops (barley + pea) depended on the level of nitrogen feeding. We received a maximum yield which amounted 0.91 t·ha⁻¹ after applying of rizobacterine into one variant barley crops on the level N₆₀. When we used sapronit on the level N₃₀ pea yield amounted 0.53 t·ha⁻¹. In mixed crops when both components of the mixture were inoculated and we applied 30 kg·ha⁻¹ active substance, the yield amounted 0.64 t·ha⁻¹. Epin efficiency in one variant crops was higher on the level N₀ than on other levels and pea yield amounted 0.96 t·ha⁻¹. Homobrassinolid was effective on the level N₀ and pea yield amounted 0.74 t·ha⁻¹. Applying the epin in mixed crop on the level N₀ we obtained maximum yield reaching 0.32 t·ha⁻¹ in the variant without legume seed inoculation. After applying homobrassinolid we got the maximum effect 0.43 t·ha⁻¹ in the variant of mixed crops without seed inoculation.
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