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Thirty three isolates of K. pneumoniae were studied. The strains were cultured from different clinical specimens received from patients hospitalised at a Neurosurgery Unit at the Dr Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz. Production of ESBL was assessed using double disk synergy test. The genomic DNA was extracted from the strains separated by PFGE after digesting with XbaI endonuclease. Production of ESBL was detected in 81.8% of K. pneumoniae isolates. Molecular typing results revealed a great genetic diversity among K. pneumoniae isolates. All repeated PFGE patterns were detected in 12 (36.3%) K. pneumoniae isolates.
Glioblastoma is the most common brain malignancy and is marked by an extremely poor prognosis, despite advances in surgical and clinical neuro-oncology. That is why central nervous system glioblastoma is quite a challenging neoplasm, requiring much further research to understand the molecular and cellular clinical basis. Existing in vivo glioblastoma models are based on the inoculation of glioma cells into rodent brains or the use of transgenic mice. For decades the avian model was the model of choice in developmental biology. However, the reports on chorioallantoic membrane glioblastoma model are quite rare. The objective of these experiments was to evaluate morphological issues of glioblastoma on CAM and the interaction between transplant and CAM. Chicken embryos obtained from a local poultry farm were put in an incubator. Fresh samples of glioblastoma obtained during the operation were grafted on CAM, which is formed on the 7-9 th day of embryo development. The growth and morphological issues of cells were observed with a stereo microscope and the histological preparations were done in particular intervals of time, starting from 24 hours after the transplantation. We observed peritumorąl edema, necrotic zones and angiogenesis on the chorioallantoic membrane. This evidence, together with the immunohistological proof, shows that glioblastoma survives on CAM and has its typical morphological features.
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Wavelet mapping of sleep spindles in young patients with epilepsy

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Using the wavelet mapping of sleep spindles we investigated influence of focal epilepsy on spindle generation. We found that the maximum of sleep spindle intensity is usually localized away from the epileptic focus. We discuss the possibility of the application of wavelet mapping for localization of epileptic foci prior to epileptic neurosurgery.
Rules of geometry and stereomorphometry are often applied to narrow and deep neurosurgical approaches. Methods of research are based on the direct cadaver measurements, radiological analysis and intraoperative measurements. Newly developed devices allow direct morphometry to be performed in vivo, during the operation. We describe the use of the neuronavigation system Stealth Station by Medtronic for such stereomorphometric measurements and evaluate the precision of the described method.
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