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The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of experimentally induced hypercalcaemia (after 100000 UI Vigantol and CaCl₂) on neuroendocrine cells (NECs) in the thyroid and airways in the rat. After 24 h, 7 days and 14 days the thyroid and lungs were collected. Paraffin sections were immunocytochemically stained with specific antibodies against CGRP, calcitonin (CT) and synaptophysin (SY) in the airway NECs and thyroid C cells. The largest hypercalcaemia were observed in experimental rats after 7 days. More significant changes in the number and size of neuroendocrine cells were observed in the thyroid gland as well as in the airways. In the airways only a slight increase in the number of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) was observed, some of which gave evidence of hypertrophy symptoms.
The micro- and ultrastructure of intestinal wall of 29 individuals of Ancistrus multispinnis was examined under the scanning and transmission electron microscopes. The presence of cellular structures, analogous to type I pneumocytes forming the mammalian pulmonary lining, was identified in the stomach corpus. Cells of a morphology similar to that of neuroendocrine cells of the salamander lungs were found as well. The pulmonary-cerebral capillaries were identified in the stomach corpus. The observations demonstrated that the stomach of A. multispinnis was able to function as an additional respiratory organ.
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Metabolic disorders induced by impairment of renal parenchyma functions affect the activity of the endocrine cells of the APUD system, which are of importance in the intrinsic regulatory system in the digestive tract. For this reason, the author decided to investigate the behaviour of neuroendocrine cells in experimental uraemia, taking somatostatin-producing cells as an example. The aim of the present study was to examine the number and distribution of somatostatin-containing cells in the pylorus of rats with uraemia. Segments of the gastric pylorus were collected 1, 2 and 4 weeks after nephrectomy. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with H+E and by silver impregnation. To identify the neuroendocrine cells, on immunohistochemical reaction was performed with a specific antibody against somatostatin. It was found that the number of ST-immunoreactive cells in the stomach of the rats significantly decreased one week after nephrectomy and then considerably increased two and four weeks after the uraemia-inducing surgery as compared with the values in the control animals. The results can be regarded as a morphological manifestation of the hyperreaction of somatostatin-producing endocrine cells in the rat stomach to disorders in the internal environment of the body induced by impairment of renal parenchyma function.
The majority of research for the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the stomach in the hypertension has been devoted to the submucosal blood flow, and no attention has been paid to its quantitative distribution in the gastric neuroendocrine cells. The aim of the present study was to examine the number and distribution of CGRP-containing cells in the pylorus of “two kidney, one clip” (2K1C) renovascular hypertension model in rats. The studies were carried out on the stomach of rats. After 6 week period of the renal artery clipping procedure, eight 2K1C rats developed stable hypertension. The hypertension significantly increased the number of endocrine cells pylorus immunoreactive to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antisera. The differences between the hypertensive rats and the control group concerned not only the number of endocrine cells but also their distribution. CGRP participates in the regulation of cardiovascular functions both in normal state and in the pathophysiology of hypertension through interactions with the prohypertensive systems. The changes induced by hypertension in the neuroendocrine cells containing CGRP of the rats are discussed.
The aim of the present study was to characterise immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally the neuroendocrine cells in the pulmonary systems of uraemic rats. Pieces of lung and trachea were collected 1, 2 and 4 weeks after nephrectomy. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with H+E and by silver impregnation. For the identification of neuroendocrine cells immunohistochemical reactions were performed with the use of specific antibodies against calcitonin (CT), somatostatin (SOM), synaptophysin (SYN), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). For electron microscopy, ultrathin sections were used. The analysis showed an increased number of both the solitary neuroendocrine cells and of neuroepithelial bodies in uraemic rats when compared to control animals.
We have previously shown that the endocrine cells in the stomach increase in number in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) that suggests that the hypertension has an influence on the intrinsic regulatory system by endocrine cells control in the stomach of rats. The aim of the present study is to find differences in the density of neuroendocrine (NE) cells of stomach rats and composition in doxazosin treated SHR compared to untreated animals. Fragments of the pyloric region were collected at 12 weeks of age. Paraffin-embedded sections were stained with H+E and by silver impregnation. To identify NE cells, immunohistochemical reaction (IR) was performed with the use of a specific antibody against somatostatin, gastrin, serotonin and chromogranin. It was revealed that the distribution density of IR-endocrine cells all searched types was considerable lower in the pyloric mucosa of hypertension animals treated with doxazosin compared to SHR untreated and was on level healthy rats. The present study demonstrated that doxazosin inhibit the hypertension-induced changes of endocrine cells in the stomach of SHR.
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