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1

Selection of breeding cliffs by Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus in Crete [Greece]

100%
Xirouchakis S. M., Mylonas M.
Acta Ornithologica
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2005
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tom 40
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nr 2
155-161
A multivariate analysis was carried out in order to investigate the most influential habitat variables and related features in the selection of breeding cliffs by the Griffon Vulture in Crete. The species was found nesting in mid-altitude areas, close to stock-raising units, on high limestone cliffs, which were also well protected against the prevailing winds of the island. A principal components analysis, which explained 53% of the total variance of the variables examined, differentiated Griffon Vulture colonies in relation to their isolation from other colonies, accessibility to humans and proximity to food resources. In addition, a stepwise discriminant function analysis between breeding and random cliffs included the height of the cliff, its substratum, the altitude, and the distance to the stock breeding unit in a model that successfully classified 97.1% of the nesting and 88.2% of the random cliffs. In comparison to continental regions the Griffon Vulture colonies in Crete were located on higher cliffs but at a lower altitude. This fact should be attributed to the species nesting on steep coastal cliffs close to the livestock's wintering areas.
2

Nest types and nest-site selection of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus breeding in fishpond habitat in South-Eastern Poland

100%
Flis A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2016
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tom 64
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nr 2
The paper describes chosen habitat conditions determining the occurrence and nesting of the Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus and their effect on the nest type (breeding nest BN or mock nest MN). The Little Bittern is a monogamous bird whose male can build a couple of nests during the breeding season. The main questions posed in this work are: (1) what habitat is chosen for the nesting site, and (2) do habitat conditions influence the nest type? The study was carried out in a fishpond complex in the Lasy Janowskie Landscape Park (SE Poland) during the breeding seasons of 2010−2012. All 44 nests (23 BN and 21 MN) were built in a waterside belt of perennial Common Reed Phragmites australis. All nests were built at sites with water depth between 11 and 101 cm. The type of the nest did not depend on the date when it was built during the breeding season. There was a significant difference in the width of the nests between breeding and mock nests. Moreover, obtained results showed a significant influence of the reed belt height and reed stem diameter on the nest type. Further studies on the Little Bittern's nesting habitat, protection of suitable wetlands, and proper water management are important for the conservation of this vulnerable species.
3

Overwintering of European hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus in a Danish rural area

100%
Jensen A. B.
Acta Theriologica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 2
Ten radio-tagged hedgehogs Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758) were monitored during the winter of 2001/2002 in a Danish rural area. The study was aimed at measuring parameters essential for hibernation success and the fate of the mainly juvenile hedgehogs being recorded. The average duration of hibernation was found to be 179 days for juveniles (n = 6) and 198 days for adult females (n = 3). The most often used nesting habitat types were forested areas (55%). The hedgehogs typically used 2 nests during the hibernation period, but up to 4 different nests used by one hedgehog were found. Time spent in different nests varied considerably (6-187 days). The average weight loss during hibernation was 22.1% for juveniles and 30.2% for adult females. Minimum body mass sufficient for survival was registered to be 513 g prior to hibernation. Nine of the hedgehogs survived until departure from their hibernacula, while the fate of 1 juvenile is unknown. Indication was thus found that the minimum weight required to survive the winter has previously been overestimated.
4

Vegetation structure at the breeding sites of the partridge [Perdix perdix L.] in Central Europe and its possible importance for population density

80%
Wubbenhorst D., Leuschner C.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2006
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tom 54
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nr 1
This paper analyses the abundance of breeding pairs and the location of nesting sites of partridges as related to vegetation structure in the nest surroundings in two areas with very different partridge densities and arable landscape patterns (Central Germany and Eastern Poland). Study objective was to identify underlying causes of the more than 100 fold difference in population density of this species in these two areas of Central Europe. Our results suggests that the very limited availability of appropriate nesting habitats with an open canopy structure and low leaf area index is one of the key factors being responsible for the very low recent population density, and the past rapid decline, of partridge in the modern agricultural landscape of western Central Europe.
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