Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Effect of parental care on depredation of Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla L. nests: an experiment with artificial clutches

100%

Zielinski J., Lik M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 4

Small solitary open nesting passerines, such is the Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla that builds nest in the undergrowth, have little chance of successfully scaring off a predator to defend a nest. The aim of our study was to determine if parental care by Blackcaps can reduce the risk of depredation of its nests. We compared the survival of natural clutches with artificial clutches (plasticine and independently both plasticine & quail eggs). The artificial clutch was placed in a nest after the natural clutch had been concluded, and the results were analysed as matched pairs of data. We assumed that significantly higher survival rates of natural clutches than of artificial clutches deprived of parental care, might indicate a significant positive effect of parental care on reducing depredation risk of Blackcap clutches. Losses caused by birds, rodents and larger mammals were 49%, 41% and 9%, respectively. The differences in survival rates of artificial clutches (plasticine as well as quail & plasticine) and natural clutches were not statistically significant. This might show that parental care is not strong enough to significantly reduce depredation risk of Blackcap clutches. Although this conclusion should be treated cautiously because it was difficult to assess the influence of using artificial clutches on our results.

2

Breeding ecology of the Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus: first data from North Africa

100%

Bougaham A. F.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 1

3

Nesting ecology of the Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [Southern India]

100%

Gokula V.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 1

The nesting period of the Spotted Munia is from July to November, a period with frequent rains. Built of grass, nests (n = 60) were spherical or dome-shaped, with a lateral entrance-hole oriented mainly along the most frequent wind direction. They were mostly built on twigs within the tree canopy, the majority of them on thorny plant species. The mean depth and diameter of the nests were 12.32 cm and 4.18 cm respectively. Nesting activities were shared by both sexes. Four to six eggs were laid. The incubation period in 17 pairs varied from 10 to 15 days. All the nests (n = 60) were situated on four plant species only, the greatest preference being for Toddalia asiatica (50%), followed by Gymnosporia montana (25%) and Acacia chundra (20%). Although 50% of the nests were found on T. asiatica, this plant is a straggler and no nest was built on it if it was not present in association with G. montana. For constructing nests the Spotted Munia selected short and small trees in a microhabitat with low canopy cover.

4

Intrapopulation variation of egg size in the White Stork [Ciconia ciconia] in Southern Poland

100%

Profus P., Tryjanowski P., Tworek S., Zduniak P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

White Stork (Ciconia ciconia) eggs were studied in Upper Silesia, Southern Poland. The measurements of eggs – their length, breadth, volume and elongation index were collected for 95 nests in years 1974–2002, and repeatability of these measurements was computed. Mean clutch size was 4.05 ± 0.82. Mean egg measurements were: 72.10 ± 2.18 mm, 52.19 ± 1.47 mm, 100.49 ± 6.92 cm³ and 1.38 ± 0.05, for length, breadth, volume and elongation index, respectively. Coefficients of variation for clutch means ranged from 1.68 (breadth) to 4.37 (volume). Mean repeatability estimates were 0.53, 0.68, 0.63, 0.58 for length, breadth, volume and elongation index, respectively. The results obtained suggest that one should expect relatively low or intermediate heritability of egg dimensions in population studied.

5

Nesting phenology and breeding success in Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major near Warsaw [Central Poland]

100%

Mazgajski T. D.

Acta Ornithologica

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2002

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tom 37

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nr 1

6

Intraspecific brood parasitism in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica nesting in bunkers

84%

Czechowski P., Zduniak P.

Acta Ornithologica

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2005

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tom 40

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nr 2

163-164

During a four-year study of the breeding biology and ecology of an atypical population of Barn Swallows nesting in 13 abandoned post-war bomb shelters, the unexpected presence of foreign juveniles in active nests with nestlings was recorded on eight occasions. In five cases, single birds were noted, and in the other three, two foreign individuals were observed. The average age of the nestlings joined by foreign juveniles was 11.6 days (SE = 1.08, range 8-16), while the average age of the latter birds recorded with the nestlings was 23.2 ± 1.02 days (range 20-25). The mean distance between the hatching and parasitised nests was 0.9 ± 0.11 m (range 0.5-1.2). This unusual behaviour in swallows seems to be deliberate and is aimed at choosing a nest with nestlings in order to obtain extra food from experienced adult birds rather than an error caused by the darkness in the shelter.

7

Molecular screening for bacteria and protozoa in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) nesting in Slovakia, Central Europe

84%

Vichova B., Reiterova K., Spilovska S., Blanarova L., Hurnikova Z., Turcekova L.

Acta Parasitologica

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2016

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tom 61

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nr 3

8

Evolution of phenotypic sex differences in cooperative species: is competition an opposing force?

84%

Dias R. I.

Acta Ornithologica

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2018

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tom 53

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nr 2

Sexual selection is generally thought to be weak in cooperative breeding species, largely because polygamous mating patterns that drive sexual selection can erode the kin-selected benefits of cooperation. Social selection, on the other hand, is expected to be strong among cooperative species especially because of the intense competition over status and resource access. In support of this view, several studies have shown monogamous mating and little sex difference in cooperative species. However, most previous studies have focused on species with relatively simple social systems and few studies have examined how mating patterns, social organization and ecological attributes have influenced the evolution of ornamentation in cooperative species. Here I used secondary data to examine several hypotheses and shed some light on how social and sexual selection influenced the evolution of phenotypic sex traits in cooperatively breeding birds. Despite the broad assumption that cooperative breeding species are monomorphic, results demonstrate that sex differences and the presence of ornamentation are widely spread in the group. Stable environments with higher precipitation are associated to the strongest differences between sexes. Results indicate that although extrapair matings and environment attributes are determinant to the evolution of sex differences, males and females of cooperative species seem to be more alike than their non-cooperative counterparts. The extent of mutual ornamentation found in cooperative species indicates that the combination of both sexual and social selection are imperative to determine how evolution has shaped phenotypic attributes in cooperative species.

9

Importance of old forest stands for diversity of birds in managed pine forests – a case study from Augustow Forest (NE Poland)

84%

Zawadzka D., Drozdowski S., Zawadzki G., Zawadzki J., Mikitiuk A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 2

We assessed the assemblages of birds inhabiting pine-dominated managed forest, aged between 1–5 years and above 140 years. Birds were counted on study plots representing eight different phases to the forest's development, with nesting, foraging and migratory guild categories recognised. Numbers of bird species and population densities, both increased markedly with stand age (respectively r = 0.988 and r = 0.936, P < 0.001). While numbers of ground-nesting bird species failed to correlate with stand age, successively older stands did support ever-greater proportions of species in the assemblage that nested in tree crowns (r = 0.976, P < 0.005) or tree holes (r = 0.833, P < 0.005). Raptors were most abundant in forest at the oldest stages of growth, and there was an age-gradient-related increase in the shares of both plant-eating species (r = 0.952, P < 0.005) and raptors (r = 0.764, P < 0.005). Resident birds were most numerous in the oldest forest. PCA for ten selected variables (relating to guild type) showed that the two principal components explained almost 98% of the variation among groups of bird guilds in relation to forest age. On the basis of their suitability for birds it was possible to distinguish three categories of stand by age group, of which the first encompasses the initial stage, the second a broad interval involving middle-aged stands of between 16 and 140 years, and the third forest more than 140 years old. The presence of the oldest stands of all can thus be seen to play a very important role in maintaining high-diversity populations of birds in managed forest.

10

Selection of nesting and foraging habitat by the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina [Brehm] in the Knyszynska Forest [NE Poland]

84%

Mirski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

581-587

To manage conservation issues, it is essential to recognize the factors determining the occurrence of endangered species. This study examined the foraging habitat and nest site preferences of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina (Brehm) in the Knyszyńska Forest (NE Poland). This is a large (839 km²) protected (Landscape Park Puszcza Knyszyńska, NATURA 2000) forest complex composed mainly with coniferous and mixed wood stands with meadows in river valleys inside the complex and arable lands outside it. The research was carried out on a study plot of 440 km², in the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007. Nest site characteristics, such as distance to open areas, settlements and watercourses were measured and compared with random points. The habitat composition of hunting territories was recorded and compared to habitat availability on the whole study plot, and the birds’ hunting effort was assessed. The eagles showed a preference for nesting close to open spaces (potential hunting grounds) and watercourses (like rivers and streams), but avoided proximity to human settlements. As hunting grounds, the birds highly preferred grasslands and avoided arable lands. Time spent hunting on grasslands comprised over 95% of the observed hunting activities and grasslands were significantly positively selected both in the whole study plot and within a 2 km-radius from nest. The results suggest that the conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle should focus especially on meadows and pastures adjacent to large forest complexes.

11

Swarming and migration of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa honey bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan

84%

Woyke J., Wilde J., Wilde M.

Journal of Apicultural Science

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2012

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tom 56

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nr 1

12

Effect of nest characteristics on breeding success of Great Tits Parus major

84%

Alaburdzinska J., Kalinski A., Slomczynski R., Wawrzyniak J., Zielinski P., Banbura J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2003

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tom 38

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nr 2

In this study, nest characteristics (size and proportions of basic components) were not correlated with the timing of breeding. Clutch size was negatively correlated with total nest mass but positively correlated with the proportion of the mass of the lining in the total nest mass. Analyses of hatching and fledging success showed that the quantity and proportion of moss in the nest structure as well as the nest size influenced the performance of eggs and nestlings at the nest. We suggest that variation in nest size and composition may be due to several contradictory pressures associated with the need to keep the moisture and temperature in the nest relatively constant, to protect the brood from predation, and to control sanitary standards.

13

Nesting of the Acrocephalus warblers

84%

Bochenski Z., Kusnierczyk P.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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2003

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tom 46

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nr 2

The paper contains data concerning nest sites, material, construction, shape, and sizes in the majority of Acrocephalus species. The descriptions are based on field studies, museum specimens, and literature. The system proposed by CLEMENTS (2000) including 36 species in the genus Acrocephalus has been adopted. Similarities and differences in nesting of 32 species and four subspecies are studied in the last chapter on the basis of 38 characters assembled in Table XLI. They do not always reflect systematic relations of warblers within the genus Acrocephalus on the basis of molecular data.

14

Breeding ecology of the Black-crowned Night Heron in Korea

84%

Yu J. P., Hahm K. H.

Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia

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1997

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tom 40

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nr 2

15

Nesting of the House Martin Delichon urbica in the city of Poznan [1976-1978 and 1982-1989]

84%

Ptaszyk J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

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nr 2

Observations of nesting populations of the House Martin were carried out on three study plots in the city of Poznań: a city centre area (599.0 ha) and two housing estates (567.1 ha and 125.6 ha), a total area of 1291.7 ha. Throughout the 1980s House Martin numbers increased continuously over the whole area, the greatest population density being 4.6 occupied nests per 10 ha. The number of breeding pairs in the city centre was stable, and the density there varied from 2.1 to 3.0 occupied nests per 10 ha. The highest density of occurrence was recorded in the new housing estates, where increases in the House Martin population were recorded. These was related to the construction of new buildings, which provided fresh nesting sites. The nests were built at heights from the first to the fifteenth storey. Over 96% of the nests in the housing estates were built in the corners of the window openings. In the entire study area the preferred nesting sites were on the southern (35.2%), northern (26.1%) and eastern (13.3%) sides of buildings. In the city centre the greatest number of nests had south-facing entrances, while in one of the other study plots, the entrances to most nests faced north. No more than 7% of the total number of martins' nests available in a given year were occupied by Passer domesticus.

16

Koncentracja kadmu w wątrobie młodych kaczek krzyżówek (Anas platyrhynchos) w zależności od ich miejsca gniazdowania

67%

Felsmann M. Z., Szarek J., Markiewicz K., Felsmann M., Przezdziecka D.

Biuletyn Magnezologiczny

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2001

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tom 06

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nr 2

143-149

Badania przeprowadzono na 48 kaczkach krzyżówkach (Anas platyrhynchos) w wieki 4-5 miesięcy w latach 1993-1995. Ptaki pochodziły z dwóch różnych środowisk: z uprzemysłowionego obszaru (teren miejski w pobliżu Bydgoszczy) i intensywnie uprawianego obszaru rolniczego (okolica w pobliżu Żnina, gdzie prowadzono uprawę pól). W czasie trzyletniego okresu badań obserwowano u kaczek krzyżówek pochodźących z terenu przyległego do Bydgoszczy spadek zawartości kadmu z 0,04 mg/kg do 0,03 mg/kg mokrej masy wątroby. Podczas gdy u ptaków gniazdujących na obszarze rolniczym występował podwójny wzrost poziomu analizowanego ksenobiotyku (od 0,03 mg/kg do 0,06 mg/kg mokrej masy). Czterdzieści procent kaczek krzyżówek z tego regionu wykazywało ponad 0,05 mg/kg zawartości kadmu, więcej niż dopuszcza norma odnośnie produktów konsumpcyjnych. Wzrost poziomu kadmu u 4-5-miesięcznych kaczek krzyżówek bytujących w okolicy Żnina w latach 1993-1995 pokazał, że na badanym obszarze w stosunku do gniazdujących ptaków istnieje zagrożenie potencjalne wymienionym ksenobiotykiem. Świadczy to o konieczności monitorowania okolic Żnina w kierunku obecności kadmu.

17

Winter breeding by the Blackbird Turdus merula L. during harsh weather conditions

67%

Wuczynski A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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tom 58

|

nr 4

Birds may occasionally breed far beyond the average breeding time for particular species. Nesting attempts in winter during unfavorable weather and unfavorable environmental conditions, however, are particularly rare events. In this note I report an unsuccessful attempt of a Blackbird Turdus merula L. observed in January, 2009 in SW Poland. The clutch was abandoned at the final stage of incubation. Unlike other reported cases, it had been started on the outskirts of an average-sized town, in a period of harsh weather– low ambient temperature and snow cover present. This is the first winter brood of this species recorded in Poland and probably the easternmost in Europe. It is suggested that winter breeding by Blackbirds may occur more regularly and in wider areas than previously reported.

18

Segregation in sympatrically nesting Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio [L.] and European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L.

67%

Kopij G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

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nr 3

589-595

If two related species come into contact, it could be expected that, in order to coexist, they will either shift their niches apart from each other or one species will replace the other in the course of ever growing competition. Recently, two starling species, the indigenous Red-winged Starling and the exotic European Starling, came into contact in some places in Lesotho (southern Africa). In this paper, some breeding parameters of these species have been compared in an area of their co-occurrence. Studies were carried out in an urbanised habitat in Lesotho, in four consecutive breeding seasons (August–March) during the years 1998–2001. The average density of the Redwinged Starling was 13.8 pairs 100 ha⁻¹, while that of the European Starling was 9.3 pairs 100 ha⁻¹. The proportion of the Red-winged Starling to European Starling breeding pairs (1.0:0.7) was strikingly constant over the four consecutive breeding seasons. Most Red-winged Starling breeding territories (78%, N = 56) were located within builtup areas, while most European Starling territories were located either within built-up areas (25%) or on the border of built-up areas and open areas (59%, N = 41). Most Red-winged Starling nests (96%) were situated in buildings (N = 46), while European Starling nests were located both in tree holes (43%) and in buildings (57%, N = 28). Both starling species show high nest site tenacity. The Red-winged Starling daily activity pattern during the nestling phase differed considerably from that of the European Starling. Although both starling species do not overlap their feeding niches and daily and seasonal activities, their sympatric occurrence in urbanised habitats may be limited, if suitable nesting sites are lacking.

19

Z biologii szczygła Carduelis carduelis (L.) część II

67%

Tomek W.

Wszechświat

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1957

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nr 05

20

Around-nest 'cemeteries' of Myrmica schencki Em. [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]: their origin and a possible significance

67%

Czechowski W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

|

nr 2

359-363

Unusual rubbish piles of Myrmica schencki Em. colonies nesting within territories of Formica polyctena Först. are described. The piles tightly surrounded M. schencki nest entrances and consisted mainly of remains of F. polyctena corpses (with a small addition of corpses of other local ant species) previously collected as food by M. schencki foragers in F. polyctena waste disposal zones. This observation shows that, under certain conditions, M. schencki can actually be a specialised myrmecophagous scavenger. The peculiar finding of M. schencki rubbish piles, in connection with other observations of using dead bodies and other remains by ants, suggests that such piles can play some role in interspecific relations in ants. This possibility is considered in the context of the competitive hierarchy of ant species.

Ograniczanie wyników

Effect of parental care on depredation of Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla L. nests: an experiment with artificial clutches

Breeding ecology of the Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus ibericus: first data from North Africa

Nesting ecology of the Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata in Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary [Southern India]

Intrapopulation variation of egg size in the White Stork [Ciconia ciconia] in Southern Poland

Nesting phenology and breeding success in Great Spotted Woodpecker Picoides major near Warsaw [Central Poland]

Intraspecific brood parasitism in Barn Swallows Hirundo rustica nesting in bunkers

Molecular screening for bacteria and protozoa in Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) nesting in Slovakia, Central Europe

Evolution of phenotypic sex differences in cooperative species: is competition an opposing force?

Importance of old forest stands for diversity of birds in managed pine forests – a case study from Augustow Forest (NE Poland)

Selection of nesting and foraging habitat by the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina [Brehm] in the Knyszynska Forest [NE Poland]

Swarming and migration of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa honey bees in India, Nepal and Bhutan

Effect of nest characteristics on breeding success of Great Tits Parus major

Nesting of the Acrocephalus warblers

Breeding ecology of the Black-crowned Night Heron in Korea

Nesting of the House Martin Delichon urbica in the city of Poznan [1976-1978 and 1982-1989]

Koncentracja kadmu w wątrobie młodych kaczek krzyżówek (Anas platyrhynchos) w zależności od ich miejsca gniazdowania

Winter breeding by the Blackbird Turdus merula L. during harsh weather conditions

Segregation in sympatrically nesting Red-winged Starling Onychognathus morio [L.] and European Starling Sturnus vulgaris L.

Z biologii szczygła Carduelis carduelis (L.) część II

Around-nest 'cemeteries' of Myrmica schencki Em. [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]: their origin and a possible significance